General Description Of Eisenmengers Syndrome

Maureen shows clinical manifestations such as hypotension (BP 80 mmHg systolic), tachycardia (HR 120 bpm and irregular), tachypnea (Resps 28 bpm), SaO2 unreadable, capillary refill time >4secs, temp 36.5°C (core) indicating the signs of hypovolaemia (Perner & Backer, 2014, p. 614). With the reference of Mrs. Hardy’s medical condition, such as arthritic knees and atrial fibrillation (INR 2.7), she is under diclofenac Acid 50mgs PO BD and warfarin 2mgs PO mane respectively (Jordan, 2010, p. 567; Zacher, et al., 2008, p. 930). Diclofenac is a

– Patients with hypercapnic drive must be monitored closely for respiratory failure after oxygen therapy commences

Patient is a 60 year old gentleman with PMH significant for CVA with residual left side weakness and speech difficulties, IDDM2, HFrEF (15% in March 2017 per cardiac Cath, and 32% per TTE 3/23/17 ), and CAD/MI s/p DES X 2 to the LAD (Tampa VA in 2012, 3/2017 at Florida Hospital), presenting initially to OVAMC on 5/19/17 with left hip pain after a mechanical fall at home. He had an MI in late March 2017, at which time he had a DES placed in the proximal-mid LAD (LHC also revealed a LV apical thrombus – 1.6 x 1.4 cm). His EF at that time was reportedly 15% per LHC, and it was suggested he get a Life Vest prior to discharge. Patient subsequently left AMA, without a Life Vest and without prescriptions (including the one

You are the nurse working in an anticoagulation clinic. K.N. is a patient who has a longstanding irregularly irregular heartbeat (atrial fi brillation, or A-fi b) for which he takes the oral anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin). Recently, K.N. had his mitral heart valve replaced with a mechanical valve. You know that there are different PT/INR (prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio) goal recommendations based on the indication for anticoagulation. (NOTE: PT has now been replaced by or is reported, in most cases, with INR [International Normalized Ratio], an international value that allows for laboratory standardization. PTT is more properly written

In addition to elevated blood pressure, retention of fluid leading to edema and leakage of

Coumadin (non specific name: warfarin) is an anticoagulant, or blood diminishing drug, that is endorsed to numerous patients who are at danger for creating blood clusters that could bring about heart assaults or strokes. Warfarin is near the most astounding purpose recently and simultaneous investigations of medications that provoke ER visits and occurring an expansion in healing center based offices with the affirmation of patients. Anticoagulation treatment stances perils to patients and over and over prompts unfavorable solution events in light of complex dosing, fundamental ensuing watching, and clashing patient consistence. As a result, various patients who meet current evidence based principles for warfarin treatment are not being managed

The blood that does not cross the foramen ovale into the left atrium is emptied into the right ventricle which is then pumped into the pulmonary artery to be carried to the lungs. The third fetal shunt is encountered; the ductus arteriosus allows blood to be shunted from the pulmonary artery to the aorta and systemic arteries following. Blood that does go to the lungs are returned by the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and emptied into the left ventricle. (Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, Ch2 p 17-18) Shortly after birth due to changes in vascular resistance blood is redirected to the lungs for oxygenation and these shunts are no longer required leading to their closure within a few days postpartum. In HLHS, because the left heart structures are insufficient to receive and pump adequate amounts of oxygenated blood to supply the tissues the patency of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus are essential to sustaining life. (PubMed – ADAM Medical Encyclopedia, 2013) Medical intervention is needed to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus and an atrial septal defect is created in place of the foramen ovale.

Varying patients may present to their clinician or the emergency department for treatment with heart failure. It is important to understand that there is more than one type of heart failure; primarily the focus is placed on diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. Depending upon the cause of heart failure and what areas are affected dictates the treatment plan needed. While there are similarities with both kinds of heart failure, there are also differences that can help the clinician distinguish the diagnosis needed to fit the patient. Once a diagnosis is made the clinician can move forward in determining if the patient is at risk for use of diuretics and then look towards prescribing ACEIs, ARBs, and beta-blockers.

Others may experience tightening of chest, lack of energy, as well as weight loss. Many sufferers also report blueness of lips and fingernail beds, swelling in ankles and feet, and frequent respiratory infections.

Patients presenting Symptoms: Gradual onset of dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, frequent dyspepsia with nausea and occasional epigastric pain, trouble breathing while lying on his back and, which is relieved by sitting up (orthopnea), an hypertension.

This abnormality causes the aorta to arise from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to arise from the left ventricle, which is opposite if normal anatomy.2 Patients may also present with narrowing of the pulmonary artery, hypertrophy of the right ventricle and atrophy of the left ventricle. TGA causes decreased oxygen supply to the body because deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles never reaches the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle does go to the lungs but is in a closed system so never pumps through the body, thus causing cyanosis, shortness of breath and decreased feeding in patients.4,5 In some patients a bidirectional shunt is present allowing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, however patients with no shunt will need surgical intervention in order to alleviate

Congestive cardiac failure is by far the most frequent symptom. It may be associated with massive peripheral edema or massive pleural effusion leading to cardiac tamponade. It may rarely mimic other congenital cardiac malformations such as Ebstein’s anomaly or functional pulmonary atresia. Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are not a predominant feature of Uhl’s anomaly, probably due to absence of residual foci to initiate or transmit anomalous electrical activity. (Gerlis 2003)

The heart is one of the most important organs in the body. For most adults, the heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood daily. Continually, 5 quarts of blood are circulated throughout the body. Imagine what would happen if your heart was defective? Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare heart defect that affects breathing and blood flow through the body due to deformities in the heart. This essay will explore the symptoms and treatments of this defect.

Symptoms, including hyperventilation(deep breathing), insulin deficiency, neurologic change, irregular pulse, ventricular fibrillation, confusion, weakness, headache, lethargy…

Atrial Septal Defect(ASD) is a very large problem concerning the heart in its overall function. When the heart, being the core of the cardiovascular system, has issues; it effects the rest of the body as a result. The core of the problem resides in the atrial septum. Normally the heart is divided into four separate chambers. But a person with atrial septal defect has an atrial septum that allows the blood from the left side of the heart back into the right side. This results in increased pulmonary blood flow and diastolic overload of the right ventricle. By having this constant left-to-right shunt, it can alter the pulmonary vascular resistance leading to hypertension or even the reversal of the shunt itself.