General Jose De Galavez Research Paper

The indigenous people of California had existed on the lands as hunters-gathers before the arrival of the Spanish who were the first Europeans to reach this part of the Americas. These settlers who began surveying the area since 1530, helped introduce the mission system around 1697 as part of an effort to set up permanent bases for new arrivals and as a bulwark against other European powers. This establishment caused the natives to transition from their original lifestyle into agrarian farmers to help bring in revenue for the Spanish crown which led to them being exploited economically in the process. To establish order in this new land, the Spaniards used harsh punishments for rooting out defiance within the Indian population. However, eventually the natives would begin to die off in such large quantities that it echoed what else was happening what was happening in the rest of the continent. Overall, the effect on the indigenous population was predominantly negative due to contributing towards loss of culture, experiencing callous treatment at the hands of the Spanish, and forced population decline.

Despite what I was taught, missions are not just a representation of architectural beauty but a representation of the cruelty imposed on Indians, to adhere to the selfish desires of Franciscan priests. According to text from Engendering the History of Alta California, 1769-1848 by Antonia I. Castañeda, forced to enter into marriage Indian women were obligated to procreate. If they did not comply with the demands they were reprimanded and if their pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage they were branded the title murder for disobeying the fifth commandment of the bible, “You shall not kill.” Placing blame on the female for a non-preventive event “women were punished by “shaving the head, …

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was he a hero or a villain? I would say a villain. He set out to find a city of gold and riches. He soon found out that there wasn’t a city of gold. Instead he found something else. He found new villages and land, also new historical lands.

In the early 1700's, the country of Spain sent many explorers to the western world to claim land and find riches. When California was founded by several Spanish explorers, like Cabrillo, and De Anza, Spain decided to send missionaries to build missions. There are a total of 21 missions built in California. Mission Santa Ines was the 19th mission and was built to share the European God with the Indians and how to eat and dress like Europeans. Father Tapis wanted to make the Indians Christians and

The Spanish began their long-term occupation in California in 1769. California and its Spanish Colonization were different from earlier efforts to simultaneously introduce missionaries and colonists in their world conquest schemes. Organized by the driven Franciscan administrator Junipero Serra and military authorities under Gaspar de Portola, they journeyed to San Diego to establish the first of 21 coastal missions.

The Spanish in contact with California occurred in the mid 1530s when Cortez’s men ventured to Baja California. They began to sail north to Alta California and established 21 missions. The expedition to Alta California was the last greatest expansion of Spain’s empire in North America. The missions were a series of religious and military settlements established by the padre. The Spanish constructed the missions to gain control and power over the land in California. San Francisco Solano Mission was the last mission established in Sonoma, the Valley of the Moon, resulted an important historical event in California and the existence of the California flag. The Spanish arrival to California created a major impact to the lives of the native Indians, and there were many significant events occurred among the Spaniards, the native Indians, and the Americans before California became a part of America.

The third tenet was known as the relocation process which included reservations, boarding schools, colonies, and homesteads this process was to control American Indian communities. It was about imposing military, political, economic, and social power of the Native American Indians. Stereotype all American Indians as nomadic wanderers, thinly scattered across the landscape not land owners. Conquest of a continent and power over Native nations. Catholic churches were built on the foundations of ceremonial building grounds. Farming communities where natives had to do hard labor. Spanish control of goals these goals were achieved by gathering Native people under the control of Spanish priests, backed by the military power of the presidios. At first Natives were allowed to live in traditional dwellings within the mission but eventually replaced these structures with “permanent adobe housing units . . .” that offered a greater degree of control over converts. The housing was overcrowded, unsanitary barracks that separated men from woman, parents from children, and “wild” from

Narineh Arkilian Dr. Galvan 12/08/16 Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana I visited the San Fernando mission on Nov 29, 2016 .The visit to the mission was one of the best experiences that I encountered. It was an exposure to a lot of details and helped me understand and reconnect with the past historical events and moments that we were studying throughout the semester. The San Fernando mission was the 17th mission founded by father juniper Serra. It was built to fill the gap between the mission San Buenaventura and the mission San Gabriel. We talked a lot about the Indians in the class and you mentioned that they are the silent victims of the history. I went to the mission in search to find answers to some of my questions and to confirm

Deborah Miranda’s Bad Indians utilizes a unique blend of writing styles to piece together a clearer and more distinct view on the Mission system, Gold Rush, and settlement of California. Through this revolutionary collection of writing, we receive a detailed account of the treatment that California Indians had to endure during the Missionization era and are able to draw our own conclusions in regard to whether the missions were a positive or negative aspect of California history. Although Miranda’s ancestors suffered and survived horrible conditions, she, in my opinion, does not villainize the Mission system, but rather displays the facts as they are, therein allowing us to reach our own conclusions in relations to this history. Because there

This is clear in Document 2 of chapter two in The Major Problems in Mexican American History. In this document entitled, "Spain Asserts Control over the Indians of Nueva Galicia, Mexico, 1570," the king of Spain issued a royal order commanding the Spanish in Mexico to control the Indians, convert them, and use them as labor. The king did not’t like the fact the Indians were living in the mountains "preventing interference with their manner and custom of life" (34). By being away from the Spanish established towns, they were refusing to "be more advantageously converted and indoctrinated" (34).

When Jesus Came, The Corn Mothers Went Away gives an in-depth history of the Pueblo Indians before and after the Spanish conquest. It describes the forced changes the Spanish brought to the Indians, and also the changes brought to the Spaniards who came to “civilize” the Indians. The author's thesis is that the Pueblo Indians and other Indians were treated cruelly by the Spanish, who justified their crime by claiming they were civilizing an

The mission-presidio system was a settlement set up by the Spanish, the role of these missions was to transform Native Americans into christians and civilize them. This system was brought to California in the 1700s by the Spanish. This settlement had been used by the Spaniards before to protect Spain’s interest and to colonize in other places which they had already done in Texas for example, Baja California, Mexico and as far as Guatemala. The intent of the missions in California was to colonize the coast of California, because King Carlos III was concern about the English and Russians expeditions, he did not want them to get this lands before they did so he authorized the expansion of the missions to Alta California. The role in this missions was to convert as many natives into catholicism for them to become civilized. It was a way of expanding the spanish population by baptizing the indians because by baptizing them they were becoming part of the spanish.

Even throw the Caddo tribe learned things from the Spaniards, they would not go with them in the village the Spaniards created "but the Caddo tribes, stronger military and far better feed..., still saw no reason to congregate at the missions.( Jones

Due to this, some people, including Bartolome de las Casas, condemned the mistreatment of Indians, resulting him in proposing an alternate labor force. 7.) In the annotation to the document written by Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, the author explains the three basic institutions that the Spanish used to settle the borderlands or the northern frontier area (border area between Mexico and North America-today from Texas to California). What are these three institutions? Spain had three institutions for the northern frontier: the religious mission, the presidio or military installation, and the pueblo or civil town.

This paper will discuss the impact Spanish colonization and Mexican control had on the indigenous Indian population in California between 1769 and 1848. As well as discussing the historical origins, social organizations, material conditions, and world-view of the California Indians prior to 1769, this paper will explain the impact of New Spain’s Mission System on the Alta California Indian population between 1769 to 1821 and the response of its system by the Indians.