Generally, Treating Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Includes

neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumors are very aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis as well as a

“The colon cancer vs. Crohn’s disease debate is generating a lot of interest in the medical community. Every year in the U.S., approximately 57,000 people die from colorectal cancer and 147,000 new cases are diagnosed”states Dr. Victor Marchione. Crohn's disease is a new disease that was introduced into today's society in 2015. 1.4 million Americans have Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Of those, about 700,000 have Crohn’s has been diagnosed in the years between 1992 and 2004 just from a doctor's visit. People have came up with different ways that we can help and prevent the disease such as Surgery, Conferences and “ KEY TO PROCESS “.

Usually, radiation therapy is treated by neoadjuvant, adjuvant or definitive treatment with systemic therapy. Around 20% to 80 % of the patients with cancer received radiation therapy through the way of their treatment (de Gonzalez et al., 2011). In this treatment the radiation is usually given along with chemotherapy, which is recognized as chemoradiation or chemoradiotherapy. The Duke University conducts investigational study of neoadjuvant radiation therapy in 96 resectable patients. Everyday patients who received 50.4 Gy dose of radiotherapy are combined with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. After this patients were then surgically findout if there was no evidence of metastatic disease and less mortality. Overall survival (OS) and median survival was (28%:23 months) respectively (Spitz et al., 1997; White and Tyler, 2004). In 1980’s The Gastro-intestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG) conducted randomized study in purpose of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer. After R0 resection 49 patients were treated with chemorediotherapy for evaluation of adjuvant

Study Design, Sample, and Population. The study employed a case-control and population-based design that was carried out in the Rhine-Neckar region in the southwestern part of Germany that has a population of more than two million individuals. Initially, the study required eligible patients aged 30 years or older, had experienced their first diagnosis of invasive primary colorectal cancer, were able to communicate in German, and were mentally and physically capable to participate in the study. The report of the study was based on an enormous number of control patients (n _ 1945) and case patients (n _ 2399) who were recruited from January 2003 to December 2007. Furthermore, a total of 22

Bowel cancer is the second leading cancer in Australia with over 90 % of whom over 50 years old (Bowel Cancer Australia, 2014). Every year, over 17,000 people are newly diagnosed with bowel cancer (Cancer Council Australia, 2015). The most common treatment for all stages of bowel cancer is removing the cancer and forming a stoma which may help people to maintain the maximum function of their digest system. Depending on the patient’s situation, the colostomy can be reversed to recover the function of absorb nutrition and exclude metabolites. This paper will review the whole process of a patient who received reversal colostomy from admission to discharge, and explain the symptoms that the patient had post operation.

Recommended follow up regimen after curative treatment for colorectal cancer and signs and symptoms associated with colorectal cancer recurrence.

Zhu conducted a study to compare the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer and were treated with a systemic drug, which was oxaliplatin, and those who were treated with CRS-HIPEC. The study showed that those patients who received systemic chemotherapy had an average survival of 24 months, while those who received CRS-HIPEC had a survival of 63 months.16 Randomised studies and other cohort studies have provided encouraging information on the overall survival in patients who have undergone CRS-HIPEC treatment with or without early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), as compared to those who obtained systemic

The patient has a history of rectosigmoid colon cancer. He had a biopsy on December 9, 2016. Patient C.R. also has a history of constipation and bright red blood per rectum as the impetus for colonoscopy, ulcerated hemorrhoids, and hyperlipidemia. Patient mother died at 77-years old. She has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infraction. Patient father died of pneumonia at the age of 70. Patient C.R. is allergic to avocado. The procedure to be done on this patient is laparoscopic rectosigmoid colectomy. This is an operation to remove part of the left side of the colon known as sigmoid colon. It may be performed for patients with colon cancer or for certain non-cancerous conditions such as Crohn’s disease. During the operation, the sigmoid is removed. This involves taking away the blood vessels and lymph nodes to that part of the bowel. The surgeon then re-makes the join between the remaining left side of the colon and the top of the rectum. The surgeon may use either sutures or special staples to make this join.

Routine full blood count, liver function tests and urea and electrolytes were within normal range; however, she was found to have elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumour marker associated with colorectal cancer. She was also positive for faecal occult blood. Subsequently, she underwent a colonoscopy with biopsy that confirmed the diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. MRI staging was performed to determine the extent and spread of the disease that revealed to be Stage IIB on TNM

According to American Cancer society individuals with stage 1 CRC have a 90% five year survival rate with only 12% five-year survival rate with individual with stage 4 CRC. Stage 4 is defined as cancer that has metastasized to distant organs that many include the liver. Current treatment for CRC involves the use of surgery, chemotherapy as well as radiation. Generally surgery is considered first line treatment for CRC in which the affected portion of the colon is removed. Since hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient with CRC is associated with unfavorable disease progression, patients can still undergo surgical and chemotherapy treatment to achieve remission. However, recent studies suggest in patients with hyperglycemia, even after having a surgical procedure to remove the affected colon can still have an increase risk of morbidity and mortality.

All patients underwent baseline CT and MPMRI. Patients with histopathological diagnoses of recurrence received image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) with concomitant chemotherapy. IG-IMRT schedule consisted of 50 Gy/25 fractions delivered over 5 weeks along with concurrent weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m 2). Response assessment and brachytherapy preplanning MRI were performed within a week of completing IG-IMRT. Subsequently, all patients underwent template guided high dose rate pelvic interstitial brachytherapy (20 Gy/5 #/ 3 days).

Both laparoscopic resection rectopexy and laparoscopic suture rectopexy without resection have been described. Suture sigmoidopexy to the left lateral peritoneum may be applied as an additional step as described by Ismail et al., 2010. Laparoscopic suture rectopexy is effective and safe for the management of full thickness rectal prolapse. The procedure has minimal morbidity and a better impact on the problems of constipation and incontinence (Chaudhry,

The role of 5FU as a radiosensitizer is well established in the neoadjuvant setting in the management of Rectal cancer (Janjan et al, 1999). Moreover, Capecitabine was proven to be equally effective to infusional 5FU, and is a standard of care now in preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients (Glynne-Jones et al, 2001).

The neoadjuvant RT/CRT has been shown to be superior to adjuvant treatment for a variety of endpoints [3, 4]. Approximately 50% of patients did not receive the planned adjuvant CT dose commonly due to toxicity and patient refusal [5, 6, 7].

A cancer diagnosis can bring most people to tears because it is thought of as an early death sentence. Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, inflicting over 1 million people every year and accounting for more than 600,000 deaths worldwide.1, 5 Patients with colorectal cancer concomitantly present with anemia.1, 2 In addition to the blood loss expected during surgery, anemic patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal cancer are at increased need for perioperative blood transfusion.2 In the early 1980s, researchers began to question the long-term effects of perioperative blood transfusions administered to patients with cancer.3 A year later the first clinical study was conducted and showed untoward effects on cancer recurrence. Since then many studies have shown an increased morbidity and mortality and higher recurrence rate of cancer due to immunomodulation.3, 4, 5 Presented here is a case report of a patient recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer and right and left lobe liver masses.