Generation And Transmission Planning For Yangon Region With The Consideration Of Contingency Condition Essay

A power system is always in a state of disturbance that may lead to instability in the system. The consequences of a major power supply interruption can prove to be so disastrous, that every effort must be made to reduce the impact of such a disturbance. The process of determining the steadiness of the power system following any upset is known as security assessment. In particular, MW security assessment is a process to evaluate the security of the power system following a disturbance. It is done considering the loading conditions in respect of MW power flow on the lines. Each line has a capacity to carry MW power up to transmission line design limits beyond which the lines may trip due to overloading. In this paper MW security assessment has

The purpose of the following analysis is to determine whether PowerCo, a medium sized power company in the southeast United States should build a new generator. It is the belief of PowerCo that demand for electricity will significantly increase over the next 10-12 years. In order to meet this demand, the investment in a new generator needs to be reviewed. PowerCo’s Treasury department has prepared financial projections to facilitate the analysis of the investment. This information will be used for the analysis in order to provide a recommendation of whether PowerCo should build or not build the new generator.

So, the above issues can be applied to distributed power systems similarly, and the recent research focuses are summarized as follows:

B.K. Panigrahi [2], presents a novel heuristic optimization method to solve complex economic load dispatch problem using a hybrid method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA). This algorithm named as hybrid PSOGSA combines the social thinking feature in PSO with the local search capability of GSA. To analyze the performance of the PSOGSA algorithm it has been tested on four different standard test cases of different dimensions and complexity levels arising due to practical operating constraints. The obtained results are compared with recently reported methods. The comparison confirms the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm over other existing techniques. PSOGSA is formulated by S.

The JV partner Engie Energía Chile S.A. (“EEC”) (BBB/BBB; SFS Equivalent 4-), is a subsidiary of Engie S.A. (Engie) (A-/A2/A-; SFS Equivalent 3-), and Red Eléctrica Chile (“REC”), subsidiary of Red Eléctrica Corporación S.A.U. (A-/Baa1/A; SFS Equivalent 3-). Both partners have significant experience in operating and managing a transmission grid. The risk designation of “Neutral/Standard” corresponds to the 4- equivalent

The grid, which includes transmission and distribution lines, is a critical aspect of the energy industry that has become antiquated in recent years. The first problem is caused by an increasing demand, 2.5% annually over the last 20 years, leaving the grid overused [gungor]. The second problem is the age of the infrastructure the average age of the power-grid transmission lines are 50–60 years [gungor]. Because the increase in demand and age of the infrastructure coupled with the nonlinear nature of the electric power distribution network have caused serious network congestion issues, which has caused several major blackouts [gungor]. In addition to network congestion, the existing power grid also is out-of-date in the following areas: communications, monitoring, fault diagnostics and automation which further increase the possibility of region-wide system blackout [gungor]. All the aforementioned problems of the “traditional” grid have been increasingly more difficult to meet in the 21st centuries demands, including power-grid integration, system stability and energy storage and an overall decrease in reliability [erol,gungor].

In this a power pool model is developed which includes the one-sided auction market in OPF. A hourly price bid is represented in the form of marginal cost by each market participant. Locational Marginal Price (LMP) is used to minimise Hourly Social Cost (HSC) was minimised by the bids which are taken as inputs to the OPF. A bilateral contract between the wind supplier and storage owner is used to purchase the curtailed wind power. By using the generation bids HSC function is formulated. The main objective of market-based optimal power flow is as follows

In spite of the significant development of DES, the rational design and management of DES, that could maximize the economic and efficient saving benefits, is still a complex and challenge task. In order to meet end-users’ energy demands, the DES design requires a reasonable determination of system structure and configuration by selecting appropriate equipment including their capacities and number. On the other hand, the optimal management of DES is demanded, and therefore, the operating strategies including operation status and load allocation of equipment need to be determined.

Introduction: If the system can return to its initial state shortly after it is influenced by temporary disturbances, and it will skip to new state after permanent disturbances, it is called stable system. The security of a power system is the ability to withstand disturbances and maintain stability. Generally, all changes to any one of the parameters can be disturbances. There are a great variety of disturbances as well as the ways to maintain security, but due to limited space this essay will outline some disturbances and focus on a few ways to maintain security. It will discuss how the ways is efficient to withstand disturbances and maintain security.

The objective of MAED problem is determination of the amount of power generation by each generator in a system and power transfer between the areas so as to minimize the total generating cost without violating tie line constraints. Areas of individual power systems are interconnected to operate with maximum reliability, reserve sharing, improved stability and less production cost than operated as isolated area. The ELD problem is to plan the output power for each devoted generating unit such that the cost of operation is minimized along with matching power operating limits, load demand and fulfilling diverse system limitations. The ELD problem is a significant problem in the operation of thermal/hydro generating station. It is considered an optimization problem, and is defined for minimized total generation cost, subject to various non-linear and linear constraints, in order to meet the power demand. The ELD problem is classified in two different ways, as convex ELD problem and non-convex ELD problem. The convex ELD problem is modeled by considering the objective

Abstract — This paper presents a resilient defense strategy to protect the power system state estimation against false data injection (FDI) attacks. The proposed strategy is based on calculation of the risk of the attack and the optimal budget allocation on the measurements. The method has been formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Multiple researchers have addressed the same problem but with the assumption that some meter measurements can be fully protected or without considering the risk of the attack. The validation of the proposed method has also been evaluated based on various IEEE standard test systems, including IEEE 5-bus, 9-bus, 14-bus and 39-bus system.

This method was implemented on a super high-rise building in Hong Kong. The data was the measurement of the actual load from mid-June to early August in 2011. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the R-square value the initial load prediction were 0.89 and RMSE 2144 kW respectfully. The results of calibrated load prediction was improved. When errors of the past 2 hours were used, the results showed the best agreement with the actual data with 0.96 R-square and

The model proposed uses direct current in the transmission system to capture transmission line flow capacity congestion and losses and alternating current for the distribution feeders. The reserve object of study are the ones used in PJM and NYISO market operators.

Introduction: Due to growing awareness of environmental issues, Australia is committed to the clean energy target of 33,000GWh by the year 2020. Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in a low voltage system will play an important role in fulfilling the target. In order to accommodate DERs, the structure and control strategies of the modern power systems is moving from traditional centralised generation and control structure to localized generation and control and coordination [1]. However, it possesses a variety of economic and technical challenges.

Abstract— This paper involves a novel application of the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) in an economic dispatch problem (EDP) that consists influence of valve-point loading, power balance, and generators constraints. This method is able to improve the best value of the cost function with a slight increase in the average time trials. This procedure is suitable for solving large-scale and complex economic dispatch problems. In this report, IPSO algorithm is tested on three systems and experimental results are compared with other efficient methods. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithms for solving economic dispatching problems.