Genes And Functions Of Proteins

Transcription is the formation of an RNA strand from a DNA template within the nucleus of a cell. There are four nucleotides of DNA. These are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. These nucleotides are transcribed to form messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) consisting of nucleotides made of adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. This transcription from DNA to mRNA happens by an RNA polymerase II. This newly created mRNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction in sets of 3. These sets are called codons. Each mRNA also has a cap and end. On the 5 prime side is a methylated guanine triphosphate and on the 3 prime is a poly A tail. Messenger RNA then moves to the cells cytoplasm and through the cells ribosomes for translation. Messenger RNA is matched to molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the ribosomes to create amino acids. These amino acids subsequently form an amino acid chain. (Osuri, 2003) A visual representation of this can been viewed in figure 3.

1) DNA programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transferring its coded information to a molecule called RNA (mRNA). The RNA then carries the order to build this type of protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Each gene acts as a code, or set of instructions, for making a particular protein. They tell the cell what to do, give its characteristics, and determine the way its body works. Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids. This means that the number and order of amino acids is different for each type of protein. The proteins fold into different shapes. The different shapes and sequences give the proteins different functions, e.g. keratin are a fibrous protein found in hair and nails. If the gene has even the slightest of disorder within its sequence it could lead to an inaccurate order of amino acids

Our genetic material is DNA. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids otherwise known as a "protein." DNA is used to make polypeptides in a process called protein synthesis. THe assemblance of polypeptides occurs in protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is the process where genetic info is taken from the nucleus and into the ribosome. Protein synthesis uses two RNA molecules and two types of processes called transcription and translation. The two RNA molecules are messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA contains genetic info that travels from the DNA to the ribosome. It uses an amino acid chain sequence of proteins. tRNA (transfer RNA) uses its specific amino acid, takes it, and matches it with its "predestined" codon. The process

To answer your first question, no dying your hair does not change your genes. Even though you change your hair to red you will eventually grow out brown roots. You’ll have to constantly dye your hair if you want to continue to be a red head because you’re still a brunette due to your genes. Dying your hair is a superficial change that won’t molecularly change your genes. For your second question, some genes have the information to make proteins through processes called transcription and translation. Genes are made up of DNA and transcription uses the DNA to make complementary RNAs. The mRNA secreted from RNA carries the opposite reading of the gene read out of the nucleus and tRNAmakes contact with other strands of RNA to translate

Proteins are macromolecules made up of many amino acids that play a lot of important roles in our body. In living organisms proteins have various functions. For example enzymes are proteins that are very important to our body. Enzymes are invovled in thousands of chemical reaction wporking by lowering the activation energy therefore speeding up the reactons. Proteins can also function as a messenger, transporter, and also for storage in the body. Proteins are polymers made up of a lot of amino acid monomers. The amino acid on the protein gives the protein its special function or unique property. A phenotype is an observable trait or characteristics on an organism. For example eye color, height, and a size of a bird's beak are all phenotypes,they

DNA creates the code for all the proteins in your body. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It lives in the nucleus of a cell and cannot leave the nucleus without damaging itself. So how does it get the code to the ribosome to make the proteins? The DNA transcribes the code on to something called an mRNA. This mRNA can now travel through the cell’s cytoplasm to the ribosome with the code. Then the ribosome makes the proteins for the DNA code. Each protein makes the trait. Say the DNA coded for blue eyes, then the mRNA that is made would also code for blue eyes. Then the ribosome makes the protein that has blue pigment which makes your eyes

Gene- a piece of DNA that will carry the information it needs to make a specific protein.

The DNA’s function is to keeper of all the genetic information or codes of the organism.The DNA does not do everything by itself it has help from the mRNA the messenger to send and translate the code. In order to make proteins the DNA has to send the code to the mRNA then they can translate it into amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. These building blocks or amino acids is how proteins

Gene’s are a type of structure made from DNA. Genes are expressed primarily through proteins. Most of cell’s DNA are located in its nucleus in the form of chromosomes. Building blocks for DNA is nucleotides. The building blocks for proteins are amino acids. The translation of the genetic code to protein code is (TRNA). Genes help with protein and they way things work in the human body. Each gene tells protein how to put together the building blocks. The gene DNA sits in a different compartment of the cell away of the machines that make the proteins. So the gene has to make a copy of itself. Its called the messenger RNA - MRNA. It is more portable than DNA and is easier to move it. The MRNA also tells the ribosome where to start the protein and when the protein is finished. If the nucleotides are grouped incorrectly the ribosomes will choose the wrong amino acids and the protein will not function correctly or might not work at

In the nucleus of our cells, there contains DNA which is what contains the genetic information that our body uses. However to use that genetic information, a protein needs to be made. This all starts in a nucleus in our cells where we begin with transcription. There a helicase splits apart a DNA sequence into two strands, one strand containing codons, and the other containing anti-codons. These codons consist of any triplet of the four nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The complementary base-pair rule states that adenine only connects to thymine and cytosine only connects to guanine. A copy is made of the original template that becomes RNA. Once transcription is finished, mRNA exits the nucleus through the indoplasmic

Transcription is a process in which information in a strand of DNA is copied to a new molecule of messenger RNA. DNA stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells. RNA is a copy of the original DNA material but is not used for long term storage and is free to exit the nucleus. Although it is not an exact copy of the DNA segment. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and proteins called transcription factors. Newly formed mRNA copies of genes serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during translation.

The formation of a protein begins in the genes, which contain the basic building information for all parts of living organisms. There are four DNA nucleotides that make up genes: A, T, C, and G. A codon is any arrangement of three of these nucleotides. Each triplet of nucleotides codes for one amino acid. First transcription will begin in the nucleus where mRNA will transcribe the DNA template. During both transcription and translation, there are three steps. The first step in transcription is initiation where RNA polymerase separates a DNA strand and binds RNA nucleotides to the DNA. RNA nucleotides are the same as DNA ones except that U replaces the T. The second is just the elongation of the mRNA. The third step of transcription is termination. This occurs when RNA polymerase reads a codon region and the mRNA separates from the

All organisms contain DNA, which houses genes that contain information needed for the cell to produce a specific protein or enzyme required to carry out a particular biochemical function or to fulfill a particular cellular process. Certain factors, such as temperature, light, or pH, can cause certain genes to be

transcriptionis the first stage of gene expression. Its mechanism is based on rewriting the genetic information contained in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand to the RNA. The process can be divided into the initiation, elongation and termination. In a first step, an RNA polymerase binds to the denatured template locally at the site promoter. Then, in elongation step, it adds more ribonucleotides, complementay to the DNA strand, to the nascent mRNA in the 5 '→ 3 '. The process terminates at terminacyjnym, which mostly is characterized by regions complementary to each other, resulting in the formation of secondary structure in a transcript hairpin [5]. In