Genetic Disorder And The Human Genome

Answer: The disease isn’t a disease, it is considered a disorder. This disorder can’t be a disease because it is a disorder with having an extra chromosome. It is a disorder because it is caused by the chromosomal abnormality called Trisomy 21.

There are several types of genetic disorders. They all happen when a gene takes a turn during conception. Not everyone is born with a disorder but those who are have or more abnormalities in the genome. Genetic disorders may be hereditary, but others may be the first ones to ever have a their type of condition. No matter what the case is, everyone is human, but some have a little twist to their

A genetic disorder is an illness resulting in a change of a person’s DNA. They can be grouped into three main categories: Single gene disorder, chromosome disorder, and Multifactorial disorders. Approximately 3 to 4% of the 4 million babies born each year will develop a genetic disorder revealed by the Net Wellness Organization. While about 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people in the United States has a form of albinism. Albinism is not that common of a disorder, but can cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color.

The same is true for medical conditions. There may be a faulty version of a gene that results in a medical condition, and a normal version that may not cause health problems.

Approximately three to four percent of babies born every year are born with some kind of genetic disorder. A genetic disorder is described as an illness caused by an error in one’s genome, and is usually hereditary. To understand how these errors occur, one must first understand the basic concept of genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity and are made up of pieces of DNA that instruct the cell how to make specific proteins. Humans are estimated to have about 20,000 to 30,000 genes in their genome. Chromosomes contain these genes and DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes or a total of 46 chromosomes. One pair of these chromosomes determines the sex of a person while the other 22 are autosomal, meaning that they determine the rest of

In general, a condition inherited via a linkage to the sex chromosomes is recessive. For a female, this means that the recessive allele must be inherited from both parents for the female to possess the disorder. Much of the time, females will be carriers for the trait meaning that they do not have the condition,

The condition can be a recessive inherited disorder, dominant inherited disorder or sex-linked (X-linked) disorder depending on the type of MD. Recessive inherited disorder is an altered version of the gene that is inherited from both parents. If an altered version of the gene is inherited from only one parent, the person will become a carrier. This means the person is not affected but any children they

usually occurs when there is a deletion in the father’s genes. A deletion is a kind of mutation

There are four different types of genetic disorders: single gene mutations, chromosome mutations, multifactorial, and mitochondria. Single gene mutation, also known as Mendelian disorder, is an abnormality in the DNA of a gene, and is divided into three categories, dominant, recessive, and X-linked. Chromosomal mutation is a result of extra or lack of a certain number of chromosomes, or an irregular structure of a chromosome. Multifactorial disorder is caused by multiple genes that are combined with environmental and by the lifestyle of that particular person. Mitochondrial disorders are caused by mutations in the DNA of mitochondria, that affects mitochondria function. Although the four types of genetic disorders all affect the human body

Genetic disorders occur when there is a problem with the DNA of an individual. These disorders can befall either on the first 22 chromosomes or the 23rd chromosome. Neurofibromatosis is one of these disorders, and it falls upon the first 22 chromosomes.

Genetics disorders are formed by a disease which is inherited genetically from parent to offspring. The genetic disorder results from a change in the DNA sequence. A chromosome abnormality is a missing or extra portion of chromosomal DNA. It can be from an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes (NHGRI, 2014). Numerical disorders which are the highest occurring chromosomal disorder, also known as aneuploidy occurs when an individual as either monosomy (missing chromosome) or tetrasomy (extra chromosome) eg; Trisomy 21 (down syndrome) - Three copies of chromosome 21 rather than two. Structural abnormalities form when the chromosomes structure is altered (G&CA-W). The altering of the genetic structure can take upon many formations eg; inversions - A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down, and reattached, therefore the genetic material is inverted. Chromosomal instability is also a chromosome abnormality in which upon mitosis of daughter cells, there is a lack or unequal distribution of DNA, the unequal distribution results in aneuploidy

There are three categories that can classify genetic diseases. They are single gene disorders, chromosome disorders, and multifactorial disorder or complex disease. Each of these categories are different with and affect people in certain ways. Single gene disorders, also called Mendelian disorders, are caused by a modification that occurs in one specific gene. An autosomal dominant defect occurs when there is an altered gene and a healthy gene that are inherited. An example of this type of defect would be Huntington’s disease, an individual only needs one copy of this defective gene on chromosome four to have the disorder. Autosomal recessive defect, is another type of single gene disorders that occurs when there is two altered variations of

The mother and the father must have the defective gene in order for the child to inherit the gene. Most of the time the parents do not realize they are carriers.

Genetic disorders are very common some more than others. Its all has to do with our 46 chromosomes. Genetic disorders can occur to anyone. Many people believe genetic disorders only happen to those who have family cases with genetic disorders but, it’s not something you can truly control. When a cell is going through Meiosis the outcome should be that every gametes should have 23 chromosomes which carry your genetic code. At the beginning of Meiosis each homologous chromosomes pairs up with another homologous chromosome and then they start exchanging genetic code. This process is called Crossing Over. During this process there is a small chance that the exchange didn’t happen properly and not all the genetic code was transfer from one another. Which can later result in your genetic code failure.

The beauty of the human race is the complexity in which our bodies present themselves in comparison to other organisms that live on Earth. Evolution has taken its sweet time to produce the alpha organisms we have become today, and at the pinnacle of human evolution is our DNA: a unique, intricate, and complex representation of millions of years of evolutionary mutations. The number one cause of genetic diversity is mutations; mutations occur randomly and can produce beneficial or harmful nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequences code for the production of proteins that perform the majority of roles in our bodies. When harmful mutations halt protein production or cause malicious protein production, the body can be effected in numerous ways. The majority of disorders expressed by humans across the globe are genetic, meaning that the DNA of the individual with the genetic disorder contains errors or mutations that cause the subsequent symptoms to occur.