Genetic Disorders: The Biology Of The Brain

In an attempt to gain a position as a psychologist, I will be discussing schizophrenia and the disorder’s casual factors, associated symptoms, the areas of the brain it affects, and the neural basis of the disorder. I will continue on to discuss appropriate drug therapies. In addition I will also be reviewing two separate case studies, each on a different disorder. I will be examining each problem from the perspective of a bio psychologist. I will define the patient’s diagnosis at length I will relate each case to the nature-nurture theory, and talk about any helpful drug interventions or solutions for each disorder. When talking about drug intervention, it is also important to discuss the positive and

Such researches, yet, do not give information on which or how many genetic materials are involved” (Mental Health, 2009).

The Biopsychosocial model (BPS) was established in the early 1970s as a replacement for the biomedical approach created by George Engel (1977). He had argued against the reductionist biomedical model of disease for not considering the behavioural, psychological and social dimensions in the model (Jull, 2017). Wade and Halligan, (2016) had established that biomedical remains as the dominant healthcare approach. The aim of BPS is to integrate the biological factors with psychological and environmental factors, Engel (1977) suggested that the biopsychosocial model of illness has a significant role in the functioning of humans in terms of disease or illness and can make medicine more scientific and should be adopted into psychiatry research (Adler, 2009). Davies and Roache, (2017) established that the model was exceedingly determined, recommending new details for practices as well as a non-reductive advocate for mental illness.

The general public increasingly attributes mental disorders to biological causes such as a chemical imbalance or inherited genes (Schnittker, 2008; Schomerus et al., 2012).

Nowadays there is a hot debate on what exactly causes mental illnesses. The two main suspects are society and genetics. Proponents of the genetics theory believe that there is a physical ailment of the brain which causes mental health issues. Those who support the society ideology believe that mental health is shaped by the society in which the person lives.

The essay supports the advantageous design of the CSM to change the field of psychiatry as to addresses: risks associated in the manifestation to a disorder, individual progression as well as underling biopsychosocial factors, where appropriate therapy intervention is applied to postponed or progression of early to late stages and ultimately define spectrums across disorders but also provides claims made a design early in its own development stage.

Firstly, let us examine Hyman's statement in his article “The Genetics of Mental Illness: Implications for Practice,” that, “It is well established that the risk of mental illness runs in families.” Hyman explains in great detail how DNA is ultimately responsible for the assembly and, subsequently, operation of the human brain. Continuing, he emphasizes how mutations in genes can result in the brain being constructed or functioning in an altered manner. All of these assertions on this matter are substantiated by Hyman via a variety of reputable sources. Although Schmidt’s overall thesis in his article “Environmental Connections: A Deeper Look into Mental Illness,” differs from Hyman’s, Schmidt does conceit that genetics do, indeed, play a role

Psychopathology is a term, which refers to either the study of mental illness, mental distress or the manifestation of behaviors and experiences, which may be indicators to mental illness, or psychological impairment (Psychopathology, n.d.) Within clinical counseling, the use tends to be in the treatment of mental disorders, the origins or the development of mental disorder. Technologies are being used, as well as have been, developed that require an accurate model, which is always being advanced within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, or the DSM. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). For example, recent technology includes molecular genetics and mature statistical models. Which will in term assist in attempts to better understand where psychological disorders originate form. Currently, most psychopathology research follows the guidelines based in the fourth edition of the DSM, which assumes that mental disorders

Today, mental illness has been the scapegoat for most crimes today. From mass shootings to bombings, most people have blamed mental illness for the cause of these crimes. Moreover, even some defense attorneys have even had cases in which they claimed their client had a mental illness in order to receive a lesser sentence. However, in order to truly understand mental illness, we must first look at the history of people studying the brain. The history of the study of the brain, psychology, dates back to ancient Greece. By using the scientific reasoning, Hippocrates speculated that human temperament can vary by a person's physical qualities, such as yellow bile or too much blood (Smith). Many philosophers during this time period might have only

However a negative ethical issue is that genetic explanations of mental illness may result in relatives becoming anxious and such explanations also raise questions and concerns about the use of sterilisation to prevent the continuation of such disorders. There are a number of other concerns about the unfavourable ethical consequences of this model of abnormality. For example, there is the assumption resulting from the model that the mentally ill aren’t responsible fro their actions which may lead to a loss of rights, such as the right to consent to treatment or institutionalisation. The assumption that there is always a biological underlying cause for mental disorder may be incorrect and therefore lead to the wrong diagnosis or treatment being given. Heather (1976) suggests that the basis of defining abnormality is often governed by social and moral considerations rather than biological – thus the inclusion of psychosexual disorders such as paedophilia.

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis stipulates that unfavourable interactions between genes and environment may present adverse reactions, which interfere with the maturation of the central nervous

If we reach that far back in psychiatric history it would appear as though mainstream psychiatry has actually come a long way. To gain insight in to all disciplines of study it’s critical to venture back in time to get a glimpse of its history. It’s necessary to study the roots in an effort to accurately extrapolate where things have been, where things are, and where the vision is directed for the future. Advancements in health care have unfolded through trial and error. These progressive improvements in patient care are profoundly swayed by public attitudes and medical theories. Since we have had such difficulty in finding our way out of the stigma mental illness maintains on today’s society, it is not surprising that psychiatry continues to lag behind other fields of medicine in terms of advancements.

Conclusions / Results: Conclusions suggest that the nature vs nurture dichotomy may not be as relevant as looking at the interaction between these two forces. It was discovered that while one’s genetic heritage creates a predisposition towards schizophrenia, other factors such as the home environment, the parental environment, dietary factors and others may determine whether the disease is manifested.

Nature refers to “traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one’s parents”. For instance, having blue or brown eyes, blonde or dark brown hair, and even athletic performance. In human development, nature is actively in control of the growth of an individual from the moment the embryo becomes a fetus continuing until adulthood. During a process known as maturation, genes and tendencies not evident upon birth develop gradually. Among the many physical and behavioral changes during this process, the most apparent are facial hair in boys and breast development in girls. In order for maturation to take place, a sustainable environment, proper nutrition, and supportive care from others is essential. In addition, children’s temperament, which refers to their distinctive ways of reacting to emotional events, novel stimuli, and their own impulses is partially affected by their own genetic makeup. Therefore, whether one is an introvert or an extrovert has some genetic say. On the other hand, mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression have been proven to influence nature. According to statistical records, bipolar disorder is four to six times more likely to develop when there is a family history of the condition. Moreover, alcohol addiction has been shown in studies that it can reoccur in families and that certain genes may have an impact over the way alcohol tastes and the way it affects the

The stability of the mind is uncertain in the medical field. Even though researches about how the mind works has helped us developed a better understanding about the human mind and its behavior, they have failed to give us a complete and knowledgeable concrete answer to all the questions of its deep studies. The human mind is still a very abroad subject to medicine. What makes a mind stable and what triggers mental illnesses is a question that will still be unknown to the medical field for more years to come. The understanding of the mind is a quest that has started since the beginning of human civilization and it has not stopped. The mind is an organ of its own, and it develops its own unique style of evolution through time. It is a very small organ that is responsible for the function of the human body. All our functions come from there, the way we speak, think and behave. As all other organs, it also has its own illnesses that for many centuries we have tried to understand. The illness of the mind still has no cure and what science has found only contributes to the temporary solution, but not the cure of the illness. One of the most severe forms of mental illness is Schizophrenia. This illness has tormented people since the beginning of history. Schizophrenia, the illness that is still very mysterious to medicine; the symptoms, the cause, diagnosis, types of schizophrenia and the medication are not the solutions for a lasting illness.