Genetic Engineering : An Organism 's Genetic Composition By Artificial Means

Imagine a world with a flourish environment, with animals you would never dream to see. Imagine a world where we could bring back extinct animals. Some people believe that bringing back animals is unethical. But these animals can do so much for us. We should bring back extinct animals because it can help the ecosystem and some of the animals extinction was our fault.

In 1993, Steven Spielburg’s Jurassic Park introduced the concept of bringing extinct species back. In 2003, a team of Spanish and French scientists took Spielburg’s movie to the next level—they successfully brought back the Pyrenean ibex, a species of wild goat (93). With increasing rates of extinction, the scientific community is debating whether or not this process of de-extinction should continue to be pursued. Although it would be remarkable to visit an exhibit featuring a saber-tooth tiger or woolly mammoth, these animals went extinct for a reason; humans should not bring back extinct animals, but instead use the funding for more practical purposes.

Since the inception of domestication approximately 10000 years ago, humans have been selectively breeding animals so that only their desirable traits remain, a process called artificial selection. Through artificial selection we have been creating species that perform tasks more efficiently and effectively, and serve our needs in a multitude of ways. Furthermore, the benefits of artificial selection are remarkably similar to genetically modified animals in many key ways. The increase in resilience, pharmaceutical benefits, and productivity are just a few of the many significant reasons why genetically modified animals should be supported and accepted in our world today.

Imagine it’s 30 years in the future, you and your little grandchildren are going to the zoo to see the new and improved Wooly Mammoth. Except it’s not improved, it’s not even a purebred Wooly Mammoth, and its stuck in a cage. Scientist are trying to decide if they should resurrect the Wooly Mammoth, by breeding its embryo with an Asian Elephant. The Wooly Mammoth shouldn't be resurrected because, there is no habitat for them, costs, and is it even logically possible.

Even if you revive an extinct species, this in itself will not ensure that there will be an ecosystem for them to re-enter, especially with long-term extinction. For many extinct species, their habitat simply no longer remains” (Murray, Case 1, pg. 17). This expresses that bringing back extinct species will not always fit back to the ecosystem that they were once in for it has moved on and adjusted without that species. With bio-technology DNA preservation, DNA can be conserved in case a species goes extinct. This is moral issue for conservationist that author Lesley Obgens Evans illustrates, “adding a fourth leg-revive-may be destabilizing.

On recent years, Genetically Modify Organism (GMOs) are becoming a major topic for argument on American consumers. Recent studies are starting to prove how dangerous they are. More animal right groups are coming on how GMOs contribute to animal cruelty. Also, scientist are starring to warn the public on the effects GMO farming has in the Ecosystem. Finally, medical studies conducted in foreign countries show the negative impact GMO foods have on humans.

The insertion of human genes into mammals is not only inducing conflict into nature's ecosystems, but can result in a new intelligent, human-like species that needs proper regulations and authority. The study of transgenic, or chimeric animals has brought about some serious ethical issues. Many people are only aware of the issues when it regards the human race. However, transgenics play much more of a role than just to our society, but greater damage is done to nature's ecosystems. Many consequences may be unleashed once a transgenic animal escapes back into the wild. The potential harms may include "the alteration of the ecologic balance regarding feed sources and predators...and the disruption of reproduction patterns and their success," (Animal Biotechnology). The quick extinction and endangerment of these animals can dwindle

It should remain illegal in most cases for genetic manipulation to be used in choosing a baby’s gender.

Technology is the sole reason cloning is even possible, but it is not enough to save endangered species on its own. Due to technology, extinct species may even possible be brought back into existence. A closely related species, currently living, that could serve as a surrogate mother and a well-preserved source of DNA from the extinct

      In the past three decades, scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called “genetic engineering.” Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methods for gene transfer are biological and electromechanical. “Early experiments all involved changing DNA using bacterial vectors”(Randerson, 2001). Through other advances scientists proclaim how they can improve the human gene pool. All humans have

TH Morgan concluded that chromosome play an important part in heredity and the passing on genetic traits

Cloning, landmine sensing plants, and fish that glow in the dark, are all realities when it comes to the possibilities of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the artificial modification of an organisms genetic material with the help of biotechnology. This is capable of producing traits in an organism that would never have occurred by naturally. Genetic engineering is possible because genes are a universal language in life. Genes from one organism can be put in another organism, the possibilities for genetic engineering are essentially endless (Dixon, 2013). Any organism that has been altered through means of genetic engineering is referred to a GMO or genetically modified organism. Genetic engineering is similar to breeding, but at the same time much different. Genes are being selected for the same ways animals like dogs would be bred, however, with selective breeding the same species are used and people are naturally selecting certain observable phenotypes and breeding the two organisms to attempt to produce a desired result (Dixon, 2013). With genetic engineering, genes can be artificially altered and genes from a variety of species can all be woven into one organism (Dixon, 2013). Therefore, with genetic engineering having potentially no limits, the only real constraints are scientists imaginations and also moral and ethical concerns.

One of the most controversial topics is the genetic engineering which has raised much alarm amongst most scholars. According to Daniell (134), the phenomenon is so incompatible with the Mother Nature which at first sounded very unnatural. This type of modification attempts to change what was provided to the human beings by their mother nature which makes the idea to be arrogant. Genetic engineering in actual sense is not a new idea at all. Some examples of genetic engineering include the domestication of plants and animals to serve our interests of mating choices. The society at large has accepted this kind of practice which has a very popular history. In arguing out the aspect, we wonder what really tends to make the

What is Genetic Engineering? “It is the group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result in an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics[.]” (Webster, 2015) The persons who discovered the structure of the DNA began with James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. (DNAi, 2003) Since the discovery of the double helix strand many scientists began researching the DNA from all organisms. Thus, trying to reveal all secrets of all forms of life on Earth. Many blooms with different discoveries of the DNA and some were able to change its original function. Which as today it is known as

Genetic engineering is the making of new genetic material of an organism from pre-made material. Generically, it uses ancient practises of selecting a certain organism to breed and hybridize. Genetic engineering is done by involving the manipulating the DNA. Restriction enzymes are used produced by different species of bacteria. Vectors are important in the DNA manipulation which carry fragments of DNA from organism to organism called the host. Also known as a cloning vector when being used for reproducing the DNA fragment. There are various ways to produce identical copies of a particular DNA genes or fragments. One of the fastest ways to create that copy is the polymerase chain reaction. This method uses the enzyme called DNA polymerase to produce millions of copies very quickly of the template fragment in a lab, without using a vector. There are many benefits of genetic engineering including the gene for insulin being introduced into bacteria cells by plasmid vectors. Then, the bacteria can grow in larger quantities making the cost of insulin go down due to the recombinant of the gene. Other methods are used to make growth hormones needed for treating growth deficient children.