Genetic Modification Implications

Scamper won a record 10 Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association world championships from 1984-93 and helped make James the first million-dollar cowgirl and the all-time leading money winner in barrel racing. Scamper is the only barrel racing horse in the Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame. Scamper was a plain bay gelding picked out of Charmayne’s father’s pen of colts by herself, proving to the world that Scamper was no ordinary horse. The fact that he did not have the fancy breeding as many of the other competitive barrel horses set him apart from all the rest of the horses at that time. Making him a perfect candidate to be a part of the new cloning program. Although Scamper was a very important breakthrough in the cloning of animals, he was not the first. The first mammal to be intentionally cloned from an adult cell was a sheep called Dolly in 1996. Dolly was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer. The nucleus is the part of the cell that stores genetic material. To produce Dolly, scientists used an udder cell from a six-year-old Finn Dorset white sheep. They had not found a way to 'reprogram' the udder cells - to keep them alive but stop them growing – which they achieved by changing the growth medium. Then they injected the cell into an unfertilized egg cell which had had its nucleus removed, and made the cells fuse by using electrical pulses. The unfertilized egg cell came from a Scottish Blackface ewe that dolly was used to be born. When they finally had managed to fuse the nucleus from the adult white sheep cell with the egg cell from the black-faced sheep, they needed to make sure that the final cell would develop into an embryo. They cultured it for six or seven days to see if it would be divided and developed normally, before implanting it into a surrogate mother, another Scottish Blackface ewe. Even though Dolly had a

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned, her birth being announced on February 22, 1997. She was created by a group of scientists from Scotland where she lived for six and a half years before being euthanized due to progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. Dolly was

The sheep named Dolly was successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell using the above laboratory technique. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland (Edwards, 1999). The experiment started with 277 fused eggs but only 29 fused eggs became fertilized. The fertilized eggs were transferred into 13 sheep, however only one sheep became pregnant successfully. The other remaining 12 sheep failed to pregnant and several dead fetuses were then discovered from them. The successful clone, Dolly was born on July 5, 1996. Unfortunately, Dolly only live up to the age of six which is

Dolly the sheep was cloned by Ian Wilmut and partners at Roslin Establishment. Dolly was conceived on the fifth of July in 1996.Dolly was made through a procedure called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer.The procedure of somatic cell atomic transplant includes two distinct cells. The first being a female gamete, The second being a somatic cell. The nucleus of the donor egg cell is expelled and disposed of, making it "deprogrammed." The nucleus of the physical cell is likewise evacuated however is kept the substantial cell is disposed of. What is left is a solitary physical nucleus and an 'enucleated egg cell' or a cell that has had it's nucleus removed. These are then combined by embedding the somatic nucleus into the nucleus. In the wake of being

Almost everyone has come to believe that the first animal to be cloned was Dolly the sheep but this is not entirely true. The first animal to be “cloned” was a sea urchin back in the year 1885. This is over 100 years before Dolly the sheep came to be. Technically, the sea urchin was not cloned but the embryos were separated. This proved that each embryo had its own set of genetic material that was capable of creating an entirely new organism that is identical to the last. (The History of Cloning). The man who performed the experiment of separating embryos was named Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch. After this experiment had been successful in the year 1902 another scientist by the name of Hans Spemann attempted to separate embryos in a more complex animal. He did so using a salamander as a test subject. Due to the complexity of the animal Hans figured out that in certain animals the embryo could only be split at a certain stage of development. (history of cloning learn.genetics.utah). Briggs and King were the first scientists to successfully do a

Primarily the target audience for this report is Dr. Carl Brucker. Secondarily for any person that is interested in learning more about reproduction in cattle.

A major scientific achievement was done at the Roslin Institute because the cloning of a sheep was successful. The sheep was named Dolly. Dolly, lived a pampered existence at the Roslin Institute. She mated and produced normal offspring in the normal way, showing that such cloned animals can reproduce. Born on 5 July 1996, she was euthanized on 14 February 2003,

Cloning has been a idea since forever. Movies, books, and comics have had cloning in them for centuries. Did you think cloning would actually happen? Well, it did. On July 5th, 1996, Dolly was born. Dolly was a domestic sheep. She was the first mammal cloned using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by Sir Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh. Although Dolly was cloned, health problems were involved. Dolly died from a progressive lung disease 5 months before her seventh birth. Dolly was known as “the world’s most famous sheep.”

The cloning of Dolly the sheep revived the movement for adult stem cell cloning, an idea that was previously thought impossible. Dolly was alive for six whole years, but what is more interesting was how she died. When Dolly was three, it was discovered that she had pulmonary adenomatosis (Wilmut and Highfield). Pulmonary adenomatosis is a rather uncommon disease in sheep which results in the growth of a large tumor on the outside of the lungs. The disease not only affects the lungs, but the sheep’s whole body. This causes loss of appetite in the sheep and can even lead to emaciation ("Dolly

[5] The original name for Dolly the sheep was "6LL3" and was originally born on July 5, 1996, but research scientists at the Roslin Institute decide not to reveal their accomplishment. Dolly was the biggest scientific breakthrough; she is known as the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. [7] Scientist created Dolly using somatic cell transfer by removing an egg from a black-faced sheep, and then a nucleus of a white-faced sheep was inserted into the egg. Then the cell was placed into the black-faced sheep. When Dolly was born, her face was white. Which is impossibility for the offspring of a black-faced sheep to have a white face. This proved that the scientific experiment of cloning was successful and that made dolly the sheep different from any ordinary sheep. [5] The SCNT technique was proven to be very successful technique however; it also came with a lot of risk factor one of which was premature aging. Dolly appeared to be healthy however, throughout the year Dolly’s eggs started to look older. She developed arthritis and lung disease, which are common in older sheep. Dolly the sheep died on February 14th, 2003. Before her death Dolly gave birth to her first lamb on April 1998 and then to three more lambs in

It is important to not get replicas and clones mixed up. When something is cloned, it means that they have created an embryo, not another human. "An embryo contains the same genes and DNA as the adult who got cloned" (human cloning). After the Dolly got cloned, scientists knew that it was going to be hard to clone humans. It took a lot of time and effort to get precise on the process. Many people believed that the embryo could just stay in an environment like what the adult lived in. "The embryo has to stay in a different environment for the development" (Human Cloning). The steps to complete the development is very important because if one mistake is made, the whole development is

Before Dolly, cells were taken from an embryonic cell; these cells would then transform to fit the needs of a specific organism. Scientists believed that once cells were adapted to the new environment they were not able to produce an entirely new organism. For example, udder cells can produce other udder cells, but not a fully developed cow or sheep. Nevertheless, the Roslin Institute figured out a way for this process to work; the institute grew udder cells of sheep under starvation conditions which put the cells in a state similar to the embryonic cells.

but born at different times. Certain experiments at cloning have been unsuccessful. For example, “Dolly,” the first cloned sheep was the only one that survives from

The word cloning originated from the Greek language, which means to sprout or branch. In addition, cloning is an asexual reproduction in which a fertilization process has to take place within the chromosomes. For this reason, cloning works by creating an existence which is genetically identical to one model. In this situation, cloning an animal from an adult was thought impossible considering it engaged sufficient amount of procedures. In Dolly, the Scottish white-face sheep’s case, the result of this arrangement was about the identical clone of the offspring that provided the end result of the original egg, which was fertilized naturally. The procedure of cloning, nevertheless doesn’t create a precise reproduction of any parent. Being that Dolly’s birth was the outcome of cloning by operating a skill known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. According to (Basic science partnership Harvard medical school, n.d.) it says, “Cloning an individual from a differentiated cell would require reprogramming the differentiated cell back to its

When reducing the expression of the gene that is responsible for producing the BLG protein scientists did not 100% know what exactly it was that they were reducing. They were able to identify exactly what gene produced the protein but did not know what else that gene was responsible for or how that gene might effect other processes or other things that the particular gene coded for. This could have been over looked had the cow’s milk not had an unusual increase in other proteins such as caesium proteins which had more than a 200% increase. The cow was also born without a tail and this could also be due to the reduced expression