Genetic Research Synthesis Essay

Twenty five years ago Genetic Engineering was a scene from an unrealistic invention on a scene from a science fiction movie. However, recent scientific advancements, genetic engineering, is becoming more of a reality rather than a fantasy. Genetic Engineering was once an actually impractical thought, today it is a prominent issue around the world. The most controversial subject of genetic engineering deals with the impact that manipulation of humans will have on earth. Genetic engineering of humans will negatively affect the world in the following ways; social issues, violation of human rights, discrimination, religious objections and medical concerns.

Heritability may be another factor which influences the presentation of SpLDs. Dyslexia and dyspraxia both appear to have a familial form where parents and siblings also present with these conditions. The extent of heritability has been highlighted through the use of twin studies; both monozygotic and dizygotic. Stevenson (1999) found that heritability was between 46 and 74 per cent chance, which highlights there is some influence from environment as well as genetic factors. Further research has highlighted how some genes on the chromosome are associated with phonological processing and other genes on other chromosomes are associated with reading.

The purpose of the experiment was to see if you can use your senses while not being able to see and also to be able to trust someone to help you. An hypothesis is can you use your other senses to help you while being blinded?

Stuttering does not have a known etiology; it is a multi-dimensional speech disorder. There are a multitude of factors that need to be considered to provide the best quality care for the client. One factor that has been studied in relation to stuttering is the structure of genetics. Genetic factors are taken into consideration through the family incidence of stuttering (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). The term family incidence identifies individuals with stuttering who have family relatives who also stutter. This term was created through the investigations conducted in twin studies, which resulted in a high number of stuttering cases in families who had stuttering in more than one family member. During the investigations conducted, one chromosome

After the completion of the series of labs we were tasked with, we have discovered numerous things about what substance would be the best biofuels and biofuel alternatives. In lab 1, we germinated 150 radish seeds on filter paper within different Petri dishes. For my group, we were asked to use the substance of Ethanol in concentrations, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 625% and the last dish being filled with deionized water. Out of these concentrations, we can tell that ethanol doesn’t cause much germination and doesn’t greatly affect the environment. However, when compared to the N- Butanol Ethanol isn’t the healthiest alternative out of the three we tested for these labs, it was a close measurement but the N-Butanol is a healthier alternative for

Stating that patients should be informed when sequencing reveals disease predispositions is taking away the patients’ right whether they actually want to be informed or not. Informing patients about the disease predispositions which are just predispositions not the actual diagnosis might lead to emotional and psychological stress, tension within the family members, genetic discrimination in employment and insurance, and financial consequences. Informing the patients about sequencing results should be discouraged when the provider determines that potential harms of genetic testing outweighs the potential benefits.

… In some children, there are speech and language issues (“Diagnosis & Genetic Testing...”, n.d.)

This disorder is linked to genetics of the humans’ sixth chromosome. This genetic link runs in families. It may come for both or one side of the family. Test for dyslexia could lead to the gene. Scientist were working to find a test that could lead to a drug to get rid of the problem, but they found that only phonetics can help the student. (Talan)

By definition a designer baby is an embryo that undergoes genetic manipulation prior to In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), which is done by combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish then transferring that embryo to a uterus. The genetic manipulation is done through processes of Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). Drs. Molina B. Dayal and Ioanna Athanasiadis explain, “Preimplantation [diagnosis] refers specifically to when one or both genetic parents has a known genetic abnormality and testing is on an embryo to determine if it also carries a genetic abnormality”. PGS on the other hand, screens embryos from presumed chromosomally normal genetic parents for aneuploidy –a condition in which there is an extra or missing chromosome. (Dayal and Athanasiadis, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis). This advancement allows the prevention of inheritable genetic diseases and eliminates the dilemma of pregnancy termination

Strand, E. (2001). Darley's contributions to the understanding and diagnosis of developmental apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 15(3), 291-304. doi:10.1080/02687040042000278

Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity.

While a phenotype as multifaceted as human language is certainly polygenic, FOXP2 is distinct in being linked to grammar. Because genes enabling cognitive faculties are often implicated in pathology, when the famous “KE” family displayed mutated alleles of FOXP2 resulting in dyspraxia, a motor speech disorder,

What if cancer could be cured by eating a pear? Or if a crop of wheat could be developed so that it never rotted? These may sound like science fiction but they're not as strange as they first seem to be, and may even be reality in the future. Fifteen years ago who would have thought that plants could be created to be immune to pesticides or that it would be possible to create a sheep that is exactly like its parent in every physical way? And yet both of these currently exist due to genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a developing science that is viewed with a lot of public apprehension. No one seems to be able to explain what genetic engineering is, when it first began, or what the possibilities are for the future of this science.

Two years ago, genetically engineered bacteria, which unexpectently killed beneficial soil fungi, escaped into sewers through human error and have become toxic to plants and survived when expected not to.3 These are the sorts of consequences that come with playing God. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - the chemical compound that makes up the genes and determines the type of proteins a cell can make - is the core of genetic engineering. It can be manipulated in ways we could never dream of such as a new species of a catwoman or fishman.

Thesis: Large corporations, such as insurance companies, and governments are looking to save money on future policyholders through the use of genetic testing.