Genetic Testing Ethical, Or Social Implications

In chapter four of her book Genetic Dilemmas, Dena Davis asserts that it is unethical for parents to subject their children to genetic testing for the markers of adult-onset genetic diseases because it places an unfair constraint on a child’s right to an open future. It both removes the child’s ability to choose whether to be tested as an adult and has the potential to negatively alter the overall trajectory of their lives. While the current consensus amongst medical professionals is that such testing should be prohibited (Davis, _____), many concerned parents correctly point out that discouraging such testing creates a conflict of interests between the “beneficence model of patient care and the rights of parents to their own autonomy”

As you can see genetic testing is very important and can affect a child's and parents lives for the better and the worst. Children all over the world have serious genetic diseases that affect their life on a daily. Some of these diseases are Achondroplasia, Down syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. Many believe genetic testing is a good way to test for these genetic conditions before the child is even born, but others think that it can harm the baby very badly and even cause a miscarriage, so they choose not to do this kind of testing. Knowing about the most serious genetic diseases is very important for expecting parents to be informed as well as being

As the number and availability of various genetic tests have grown, so too has a fear among Americans that their genetic information may be used for purposes other than curing or preventing diseases. This paper looks at the law Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act passed in 2008 and how it influences the workplace and the health insurance practices.

The Goal of the Human Genome Project is to obtain genetic mapping information and to determine the complete sequence of all human DNA by the year of 2005. The project started in 1990 and 180 million dollars are being spent on it annually. This adds up to a total of over 2 billion dollars for the 15 year budget. Of this 2 billion dollars budgeted, 5% is spent annually on the ethical, legal and social issues. This report focused on some of these issues.

What would you do if an immediate family member of yours developed a popular genetic disease and there was a possibility of you having it? Wouldn’t you want to know whether or not you had it as well, in your genes? Genetic testing allows for people to know if they have a certain genetic disease, if they need to get a certain treatment plan set up, or if there are ways to prevent it from becoming present or visible in the body. Genetic Discrimination is no longer legally allowed, meaning that there is no longer a need to fear the possibility of your genetic information getting into the wrong hands. Genetic testing should be done by anyone who may have a chance of developing any type of disease that could be life-threatening or not.

Over 50 years ago, the first code of ethics was implemented by the American Nurses Association (ANA), and over time, this code has been revised to encompass its current nine doctrines CITATION Ame151 \l 1033 (American Nurses Association, 2015). Although the code has undergone several modifications, the basic tenet is for nurses to “do no harm.” Genomics and current legislative privacy protocols place nurses in a position to potentially do unintentional harm. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether nurses have an ethical duty to maintain patient privacy regarding genetic test results that can prevent potential harm to others.

Did you know that there are more than 6,000 genetic diseases? (Hope Through Knowledge). A genetic disease can be defined as a disease caused by an abnormality in an individual's genome. Many genetic diseases can be very harmful, and may result in death. A genetic test contributes information to you and your physician to help you create an individualized plan. Genetic testing should be a standardized test for all individuals.

In this article very effectively described outcome of growing and developing of genomic testing in today society. It showed how far medicine has gone and how much benefits it gives populations. Genomic testing also deliver undesirable finding which creates ethical dilemma in nursing. Because nursing role is advocate for participant in genomic testing, he or she should protect autonomy and beneficence of participants. In the same time taking full advantage of benefits of the research and benefit society. This ethical dilemma not easy to solve, where so many benefits and harms could be done through incidental genetic finding. This article very well described how nurse should act to protect any misconception between participant and researcher in the testing in proper ethical way. It also effectively describe which guidelines and criteria should be use to balance between the best interest of the individual and society. These guidelines are critical social theory and balance between benefits to harm. it described autonomy of

Privacy is a common concern for individuals considering utilising genetic testing. There is a highly likely chance that the information obtained from the test will be disclosed to the individual’s physician which these genetic tests are usually conducted under the supervision or suggestions of. Therefor all the results, whether it be positive or negative, end up with the physician. This disclosure of information is a major concern for some because the information, once passed to the physician, becomes part of the medical record of the individual and the information is then easily accessed by the insurance companies which the clinics are associates of. Insurers have an interest in utilising genetic information to underwrite an application for personal insurance. This may in turn affect the likelihood of the applicant making a claim under the policy. Insurers can ask applicants to disclose genetic information derived from a genetic test. The insurance companies may then charge extra due to the presence of the risk of a genetic disease. The disclosure of information can

Huntington disease is an inherited disease that affects the brain which results in affected individuals to pass away before the age of 50. As of today, there is no cure. Genetic testing is used to identify genes associated with various inherited diseases. Many people argue that they wouldn’t get tested due to financial issues, stress, or discrimination, but after discussing ethics in genetic testing, I strongly believe that it is best to get tested.

As scientific knowledge advances in our society, the medicine advances as well. Genetic testing has grown in numbers over the past couple of years. However, people still continue to ask themselves whether the information from genetic tests are worth knowing. At first, I thought the benefits of genetic testing outweighed the negatives of genetic testing. On the other hand, after reading three articles, I believe genetic tests are not as important as previously thought.

Non-disclosure policy must therefore be adopted to protect individual rights and for fair treatment. The society/Individual shouldn’t bear the cost and consequences of genetic screening and

genetic testing, everything has changed. She notes that clinicians now have the ability to diagnose, treat, and monitor a patient’s illnesses or disease progression in an entirely different manner. This is a far cry from the old medical model of responding to a disease (or defect) only after it appears, and then prescribing the recommended medication or intervention. These genetic medical advances sound miraculous and promising, but the ability to test, screen and provide early intervention does not come without many major ethical dilemmas.

Pasacreta, J. V., Jacobs, L., & Cataldo, J. K. (2012). CE Credit: Genetic Testing for Breast and

provide an early treatment that would permit a person to live longer and more meaningful and