Genetics And Genomics Case Study

     The most common causes of strokes are thrombosis. This is when a clot forms in one of the arteries, mostly in the carotid in the neck and the vertebral artery. The blood is thick and moves very slowly through the artery. The thrombus will form on the damaged area of the artery wall and will cut off the flow of blood to the brain. The area of the artery that is damaged is cause by arteriosclerosis. This form of

An ischemic stroke is typically caused by a thrombosis, which is a blood clot or an embolism, when the blood clot detaches and infiltrates the blood stream.

The health issue that this artifact discusses is the significance of knowing and recognizing the warning signs of a stroke. The American Heart Association has made it their mission to provide unlimited health information and research in the hopes of eliminating cardiovascular diseases as well as helping society in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. “Stroke is the number 5 cause of death and a leading cause of

* Cerebrovascular Disease: More commonly known as stroke cerebrovascular disease can be cause by either a colt or blockage that cuts off blood flow to a part of the brain or by haemorrhage. In both cases there is damage or death of the brain tissue that can cause paralysis, speech disorder, swallowing problems and immobility. People with diabetes and high blood pressure are at higher risk of stroke.

A stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the cerebral arteries, those blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. A stroke occurs when one of those blood vessels in the brain is obstructed or ruptures flooding the brain with blood. Depriving blood and oxygen to the brain results in those immediate cells death, causing the brain not to function properly. Once parts of the brain stop functioning, it can directly affect the areas of the body controlled (1).

Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death in the US, with one person dying every 4 minutes as a result. For African Americans, stoke is the 3rd leading cause of death.(http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm) It is estimated that About 795,000 people have a stroke each year; about one every 40 seconds - there are many medical conditions that can cause a stroke and it is estimated that 8 out of 10 strokes can be prevented. However, there are some things that cannot be controlled when you are predisposed to

This integrative review explores the difference of the onset-to-hospital arrival time between females and males with acute strokes. The results demonstrate that the means and medians of the hospital arrival times among female patients trend toward more delay than male patients, particularly in the Asian-Pacific and Middle Eastern region. However, the various evidences show that gender difference is not statistically significant.

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked. The tissue does not get enough of oxygen and nutrients within minutes, the brain cells begin to die. A stroke is a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial. The good news is a stroke can be treatable and is more preventable. More people live longer now than in the past years. Stroke is known as the silent killer. Many people ignore the symptoms and cause more damage to their body. People with stroke have trouble speaking and understanding, paralysis or numbness of the face arm or leg. If you ever encounter anyone with these systems, please call 911 imminently for help.

A stroke can be brought on by many different factors like age, gender and family history – all of which one cannot control. Others are lifestyle factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity or being over weight, poor diet, lack of exercise and drinking too much alcohol (stroke foundation Australia). Currently there is no universally accepted treatment (Ward, 2005).

The risk factors for stroke can be classified into non-modifiable and modifiable. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, family history, prior stroke, gender, and race. Whereas modifiable risk factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity, valvular heart disease, alcohol abuse, and physical inactivity (Basharat et al., 2012).

Recently, there has been a surge in reports of TIAs in rare instances such as healthy, young women. With lack of full understanding as to the reasoning behind this, research found that strokes are not a geriatric disease as once believed (stroke association.org). Accordingly, Steven J. Kittner, M.D., director of the Maryland Stroke Center at the University Of Maryland School Of Medicine in Baltimore declares that strokes can affect anyone at any age (2004). Furthermore, he states that although there are common risk factors, some of the more hidden ones are the most dangerous, especially for women under 55 (Kittner, 2004). He claims, matching other reports that these hidden risk factors leading to increased strokes include: migraines, oral contraceptives,

Cerebral Stroke continues to be a leading cause of long-term disability and even death in many countries. 3 Cerebrovascular diseases include ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebrovascular anomalies such as arteriovenous malformations and intracranial aneurysm; however, the majority of strokes are ischemic by nature. 3 Strokes result from the occlusion of a major cerebral artery by an embolism or thrombus, which ultimately leads to loss of blood flow to the affected region and causes an abrupt onset of a neurological deficit. 5 Neurological symptoms manifest within seconds because the neurons lack glycogen, causing malfunction in the conductance of electrical signals to certain areas of the body. 5 Cessation of blood flow to the head that lasts for more than a few minutes can cause infarction to the brain tissue. 2,5

This document is important as it gives information about the statistics of the incidence of stroke in the younger generation. Different studies have been discussed with respect to their results regarding the increase in incidence of stroke in young adults of different age groups.

A family history of a stroke or MI is considered a risk factor as well and research has looked at the genetic and inheritable influences of genes, such as apoplipprotein E and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 that may be associated with stoke (Wung et al., 2013). Ethnic differences are another factor influencing risk for stroke (as well as cardiovascular disease) and must be considered when analyzing genes and risk factors (Wung et al., 2013). Many rare genetic disorders influence the risk for stroke including MELSE (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes), and Fabry disease (Wung et al., 2013). Genetic studies can identify some of the risk factors for these rare diseases that may make a person prone to stroke (Wung et al.,

Stroke is seen as a major health concern and this is due to the fact that every year, as many as 110,000 individuals suffers from strokes making it a key issue. (NHS 2014)