INTRO:
Genetics play a major role in who we are and what we become. All of our genes are inherited from our parents, and each gene will generally have two copies of that specific gene, one from each parent. We call each copy of these genes alleles. These alleles are lotus on the chromosome, with one allele from one parent, and one from the other. If both alleles are identical, they form a homologous pair, if they are different, they form a heterozygous pair. There are many different mechanisms of inheritance, involving a number of alleles. Incomplete and codominance are two different patterns of inheritance.
Incomplete dominance occurs when two alleles for a gene are not fully expressed, meaning the gene is not one or the other. Instead, a
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Observe these F2 plants after seven days of life by counting the number of tall and short F2 plants. Remember: “Tall” plants are considered tall if they measure 2.5 centimeters or higher when measured at day 7. Record results in Figure 2, Document the finding of other groups in the same chart.
Calculate the ratio of tall plants to short plants. Interpret by using the the Chi-square table and refer to your lab manual to determine the significance.
RESULTS:
Figure 1:
P1, P2, and F1 plants:
Observations:
Day one:
No growth
Day seven:
After one week, all plants have grown and sprouted leaves, and P1, P2, and F1 plants look identical except for their height. All F1 plants are tall.
Day fourteen:
All plants have grown taller, and have begun to flower.
Day twenty one:
The number of flowers on the plants has increased. All plants have grown slightly in height, and have a few extra leaves, some are turning slightly yellow.
Day twenty eight:
Plants have turned a brown-yellow, appear dry and withered.
Figure
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We did this by crossing a true breeding short plant with a true breeding tall plant to create an F1 generation. For a genetic trait to follow the Mendelian pattern of inheritance, the entire F1 generation would be present only the dominant trait. In this case, the tall plants were dominant, and all F1 plants presented this trait. The height of all the plants in the F1 generation being dominantly tall gave evidence that the height of these plants followed the Mendelian pattern of
This experiment began on the first day of lab by planting 12 total seeds from the F1 generation in six individual cells. Potting soil was added until each cell was a little
Null Hypothesis – A plant on a window sill does not grow faster than a plant on a living room coffee table
3. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will sometimes show that trait.
Human cells carry two copies of each chromosome they have two versions of each gene and the different versions are called alleles. Alleles can be either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles means you have one copy of the gene or your heterozygous. Recessive alleles means you have two copies of the gene or your homozygous.
The variables in this lab were different than the average science experiment. Instead of affecting the experiment to prompt different results, we just had F1 generation plants produce offspring so that we could study their specific traits. By looking at the variables, we can determine if they fit the Mendelian ratio and see if genes are linked on a chromosome.
· monitor the relative growth rate of each sample by measuring the size of each frond compared to the beginning size. Measure once every two days.
I was sure that the plant in the basement will grow the most and then the plant in the kitchen will be lower in height and the router plant will not grow, but at the end the router plant died which
The Human Traits Lab was meant to investigate certain traits that family, myself and peers exhibit. Phenotypes, such as widows peak, tongue roller, were to be determined and then compared with other peers. To begin to understand the lab an important concept must be explained first. Inheritance is defined as the passing of genes from parent to offspring. Each person inherits one allele from each parent to determine their genotype. The concept Mendel’s Principle of Inheritance includes four distinct inheritance patterns. The first is complete dominance, in which one allele beats the other. The dominant allele is represented by a capital letter while the recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter. For example if the genotypes were TT
The two alleles, one contributed by the male and the one by the female gamete remain distinct; alleles do not blend with one another or become altered in any other way
We noted if any plants died, how dry the tray looked, and various other observations. Final measurements will be taken on April 12, 2016. Final measurements include: the length of the stem, stem length from the korm, weight of the korm, steam weight without the leaves, and stem weights with the leaves. To find the growth of each treatment, we will divide the final date by the initial data collected. Specifically, our group will divide elephant ear growth by Iris growth. So, we will compare the growths of the EI pots. If the proportional of elephant ear versus iris is bigge than 1, this means that the Elephant ear grew larger than Iris. We can then input the data into the respectable ANOVA tests and Post Hoc tests to further analyze our
This specific genotype will in turn code for specific traits or characteristics expressed known as the phenotype. On this note, there are different types of genotypes; for instance, there are homozygous and heterozygous alleles that can be present in a genotype. Being heterozygous means that there are two different alleles. In contrast, a homozygous genotype involves two of the same alleles. Together, alleles can be either dominant or recessive, or they can also be heterozygous and homozygous. A dominant allele is usually the gene expressed in the phenotype while the recessive allele is expressed when the genotype is homozygous (Biology
The shaded squares are the recessive alleles however the non-shaded squares are dominant alleles. Recessive alleles only occur when the phenotype is homozygous recessive. For a recessive allele to produce, it is required to inherit copies of recessive genes from both parents, but even if both parents are carriers, only one out of four of the offsprings are likely to be affected. Furthermore, recessive alleles normally appear out of nowhere and skip generations, conversely, dominant alleles rarely skip generations, which makes them easy to follow through a pedigree.
As we have recently learned it was found that in most of nature’s occurrences, offspring inherits either trait from their parent in sexual reproduction. For example, when he cross breeded a white pea plant and a purple pea plant, the offspring had been either white or purple. However, there are exceptions to these findings. These five exceptions are known as Codominance, Incomplete Dominance, one affecting many traits, many genes affecting one trait, and the environmental surroundings. Codominance is the phenomenon in which two different dominant traits balance eachother out and in return, the offspring is a mix between both phenotypes which are equally shown. For example, with a genotype of XY for fur color. If X had represented white fur, and Y represented brown fur, then the offspring would
All living things contain DNA which contains genes. These genes determine our physical appearance and how the body functions. “Phenotype” refers to the physical characteristics inherited from parents and “genotype” is determined by the alleles present in a gene. There are two types of genotypes, homozygous and heterozygous, and there are two types of genes, dominant and recessive. Dominant genes are those whose alleles are represented by a capital letter and recessive are represented by a lowercase. The gene “Bb” is a heterozygous dominant gene, and “bb” homozygous recessive. Gregor mendel is the father of the modern study of genetics.
In this lab we considered Gregor Mendel theory of genetics. Mendel was a botanist and statistician. Mendel worked with garden peas to figure out their genetic pattern. The peas were also true-breed.1 The three principles that Mendel had for inheritance pattern are the principle of segregation, principle of dominance, and principle of independent assortment.2 The first principle of segregation means that the individual gets part of the trait from each parent that makes their traits.2 The second principle of dominance is that a trait may be present during the first generation, but doesn’t not mean it could be present in future generations and that the dominant allele is showed. The third principle of independent assortment is that it depends on the different units that are passed on that can decide your traits based on other traits that are given.2 This now goes into showing that variation of a gene is called an allele. This is now shown in a phenotype and genotype. A phenotype is showing he physical trait that we can see. A genotype is the showing of the genetic form that made that trait.3 Another term we used in this lab was homozygous which means you have two of the same alleles. The next term that was used is heterozygous which means that two different alleles were used. The term that was important that we used was a Punnett square. A Punnett square is way to be able to calculate the different potential outcomes of the genotypes graphically.3