Genomics Essay

The medical advances being made feasible by genetic testing are very exciting. It is possible for people with predispositions for genetic defects to know in advance if they will have a healthy child or not. If they find out there is a problem they can choose to terminate the pregnancy or they can prepare in advance for their child's special needs. There is even new technology called Ex Utero genetic testing. This test is performed on eggs fertilized through in vitro fertilization before they are even put in the mother's uterus. Understanding genes in the developing human will help doctors understand the nature of genetic diseases and may lead to countless other medical breakthroughs. Though it is probably a long way off doctors may one day be able to manipulate genes. If this is possible some genetic problems may be cured.

Over the last 10 years scientists have been involved in the progression and completion of the Human Genome Project. "Scientists working on this project have developed detailed maps that identify the

Genetics can help answer questions about our traits and why we look different and advance in different ways from each other in the world. Chapter 1 explains the basics about how genes work, and the portrayal of DNA and RNA. Chapter 2 describes RNA more in detail and it consist of the explanation of the human genome. Specifically, Chapter 3 clarifies how evolution works and how it relates to genetic and medical research. Furthermore, Chapter 4 and 5 explains the knowledge researchers have about genes role in health and diseases, and how society is affected with the advances in medicine and science given approximate credit to these researchers.

First, human medical advances are discovered each day. One way of achieving these goals are comprehending the human DNA and how it functions. Another scientific approach is to uncover the potential key to the genetic break down that causes biological aspects to human diseases. The encoding of this information could give insights of the causes and may allow advance medical treatment to intervene earlier in the disease pathways and possibly find a cure. These advances may be the significant aspects to regulating

Today we live in a very technologically advanced society. Scientists are continually discovering new things about the world and the way things work. "In the 1980ís, it was becoming increasingly apparent to many scientists that an understanding of basic biology would be greatly enhanced if the detailed structure of DNA was understood" (Mehlman, 1998). Thus began what has become know as The Human Genome Project which is "the mapping of all our

The human genome consists of all the genes that make up the master blue print for building a human being. There are about one hundred thousand genes concealed inside of the nucleus of each cell. The genes are tangled inside of an elongated genetic structure that is called the chromosome. Mapping and eventually decoding the human genome will enable us to provide strategies to diagnose and possibly prevent different genetic diseases, and disorders. Eventually, we may even unravel the mysteries of human embryonic development, as well as gain insights into our evolutionary past. The initial effort in this direction was started by the government under the name of The Human Genome Project, however, it didn't take long for private ventures to

Having completed the Human Genome Project, scientists now seek to uncover the secrets of the human proteome (Begley 1). It is "guesstimated" that the proteome, meaning all the proteins, will involve up to 1000 times more data than the genome did. But this again brings us to the question: What will the scientific and medical communities do with all this information?

The Human Genome Project also referred to as HGP, has really captivated the world at the birth of the 21st Century and it has surely revolutionized the biology field. The project itself commenced officially in 1990 and scheduled for 15 years duration. HGP is so vast and complicated in nature that the most essential goals of the project had to be narrowed down to six; Identify approximately 30,000 genes in human DNA, determine 3 billion sequences of chemical base pairs which compose human DNA, Storage of developed information in databases, improve data analysis tools, transfer related technologies to the private sector and address the (ELSI) – Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues related to HGP. The total US HGP came with a huge price tag of around 3 billion US dollars.

Many scientists will say that genetic modification will advance medical technology. They claim that modifying genes will help understand more about the human DNA and its purpose in medicine, and reproductive technology. While modifying

genes or adding new genes to cure or prevent disease (National Academy Press). This news

According to Kenneth Pakenham, Jo McEntire, and Jessica Williams (2013), in “Making Connections” Gene therapy and genetic tests are long experiment by scientists to find out specific genes are related to fatal diseases and birth defects. Many severe diseases depend on the gene type. When genes are known genetic tests for many genes will be available. Despite several challenges for gene therapy, genes treatment is possible identifying their defective genes tests.

Scientists anticipate that genetic information will be useful in the concept of personalized health care. While the sequencing of the human genome is the first step towards this, it does not guarantee success. Rather, it is important to develop a deeper

First a genome is sequenced by doing a developing a karyotype or fluorescence in situ hybridization, a picture of a persons’ chromosomes, a cytogenic map is made, depicting the banding pattern and the location of genes. A linking map is then made to order genetic markers, then a physical map which shows the distance between markers, and then the DNA sequence which determines each nucleotide (Reece, 427). After the genome sequencing, all the proteins that person produces (those produced by the expressible genes) are known which can then determine which functions could be affected by an extra or missing protein. Also when enough genomes are known, they could be compared side by side to see trends with people with diseases to determine what exactly is affected that then leads to the disease. Henceforth the doctor (or whoever analyzes the genome) could potentially conclude what diseases the person is likely to have and diagnoses medicines accordingly. However, if the information becomes as popular as anticipated, everyone would have their genome sequence—resulting in the debate of weather health insurance or employers could view and judge a perspective costumer or employee based on their genome

revolutionizing medicine and treating disease. It is believed that Gene Therapy holds the key to

Every living thing is the product of the genes that were passed down from ancestors. Genes make up everything we are. One gets their traits from their parents. Most people live full lives with relatively good health. However, some people inherit mutated genes or faulty genes. This could lead to genetic disorders that could be life threatening. Even today, many genetic disorders still remain incurable, leaving many people without hope. Genetic therapy could be their answer. It is through this research that the cure for genetic disorders can be found. Though some people believe it is unethical or immoral to alter genes, current therapeutics have not been able to save the lives of the patients with these diseases. Genetic therapy