Genotypes: A Genetic Analysis

Genotype: The make-up of alleles for a particular trait in an organism. For example, if black was a recessive trait in chickens, coded for by b, and there was a black chicken, its genotype would be bb.

Human cells carry two copies of each chromosome they have two versions of each gene and the different versions are called alleles. Alleles can be either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles means you have one copy of the gene or your heterozygous. Recessive alleles means you have two copies of the gene or your homozygous.

3. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will sometimes show that trait.

1.) The difference between incomplete dominance and codominance is the level of sharing. In codominance the dominant trait is shared, while in incomplete dominance the dominant is not completely expressed in the genotype. Though the result may be similar in the phenotype, the cause of this is different, which is a reason that this concept is so important to understand.

There are four different types of mutations: wild type, sepia, apterous, and vestigial. These are all altered wing structures. Wild types are simply normal winged fruit flies with red eyes. Apterous are ones with no wings. Sepia has black eye color. Mendelian genetics refers to two laws that Gregor Mendel developed regarding laws that state how traits are transferred from parent to offspring. Mendel worked with phenotypes, which are physical characteristics and genotypes, which has to do with genetic makeup from genes or DNA to form two alleles for each trait. Alleles can either be dominant or recessive. Mendel’s first law of segregation is when the two alleles segregate during gamete formation so each gamete contains one allele for each gene (Levina). This law focuses on

On the Punnett square screen, I mated the white-eyed male (XrY) with a homozygous recessive white-eyed female (XrXr), a homozygous dominant red-eyed female (XRXR) and a heterozygous red-eyed male (XRXr). I also mated the red-eyed male (XRY) with a homozygous recessive white-eyed female (XrXr), a homozygous dominant red-eyed female (XRXR) and a heterozygous red-eyed male (XRXr).

Our data graphically portrays the observed phenotypes of the offspring of parents with various allele combinations, presented as frequencies. Accordingly, colorblindness is an X-linked trait. If the dad is affected his genotype is NY, and the mom could be heterozygous (AY) or homozygous dominant (AA) for the trait. However, if the trait is rare then the carrier is heterozygous and unaffected, and she is most likely homozygous dominate for the trait.

This specific genotype will in turn code for specific traits or characteristics expressed known as the phenotype. On this note, there are different types of genotypes; for instance, there are homozygous and heterozygous alleles that can be present in a genotype. Being heterozygous means that there are two different alleles. In contrast, a homozygous genotype involves two of the same alleles. Together, alleles can be either dominant or recessive, or they can also be heterozygous and homozygous. A dominant allele is usually the gene expressed in the phenotype while the recessive allele is expressed when the genotype is homozygous (Biology

There are two types of alleles, recessive, and dominant. Recessive traits need two alleles to show. Dominant traits on the other hand only has to have one allele to show. Geneticists use all these factors and a punnett square to predict your kids traits.

Unit III: Genetics (15 Lectures) 3.1: Gene and gene concepts, definition of gene and gene expression 3.2: Mendelian inheritance: i) Monohybrid and dihybrid cross, ii) Concept of dominance, iii) Exception to Mendelian inheritance: Incomplete dominance, co- dominance, interaction of genes: (Epistasis:

I had to constantly go over the chapter and punnet square to help understand this concept. Recessive the gene must be passed by both parents in order for the disease or trait to pass down. The percentage of a child to be affected or normal is 25% and there is a 50% chance for the child to be a carrier.  The dominant disorder is different because the child can not be a carrier and it only takes one parent that carries the allele for the offspring to have the disorder. If one parent had the disorder the percentage for the offspring to have it too is 50%, but if both parents has the the disorder the percentage is

This relates to this experiment in that the white-eyed sex-linked trait is the recessive gene being traced back to the parent generation. The objective is to identify the parent generation’s genotype from only knowing the F1 generation’s phenotype and conducting a cross between sixteen of the F1 generation to produce an F2 generation. The F2 generation should be able to solve the P0’s phenotype. It should also be supported by statistics, punnett squares, and a low probability value. Based on the phenotypes in both F1 and F2, the parent generation’s genotype should be homozygous white-eyed females and dominate red-eyed males. Methods

Genes help determine the characteristics and traits consisting of: eye, skin, hair color, etc. Each gene contains two alleles one coming from the mother and the other from the father, one being dominant and the other recessive. The dominant allele is typically expressed, while the recessive are not generally expressed. A dominant allele makes a pair with a recessive allele. The dominant allele determines the traits visibly expressed as phenotypes the genetic code working behind a trait in known as the genotype (Your Genome, 2016).

The pairs of alternative traits examined segregated among the progeny of a particular cross, some individuals exhibiting one traits, some the other

Genotype is the genes that we inherit from our parents also known as our DNA. DNA is composed of four nucleotides known as adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Each nucleotide has a complementary pair, which afterwards encodes certain information, adenine’s complimentary pair is thymine, and cytosine’s complimentary pair is guanine. As stated by Ed Green in the NOVA What Makes Us Human, “The order of the nucleotide encodes the information. In human DNA, the way these four molecules line up over 3 billion times determines who we are.” Depending on how these genes line up and how they transcribe into proteins is how we obtain our characteristics. These molecules are part of the reason why we posses the same genome for a trait, yet the appearance of the trait is different. For example, my friend and