Genotypes In A Healthy Environment

Most phenotypes are influenced by both genotype and circumstances. Although, the genotype is a major influencing factor in the development of phenotype, the phenotype arises from the complex interactions between genes and environment.

In the process of natural selection, individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and

Genetics can help answer questions about our traits and why we look different and advance in different ways from each other in the world. Chapter 1 explains the basics about how genes work, and the portrayal of DNA and RNA. Chapter 2 describes RNA more in detail and it consist of the explanation of the human genome. Specifically, Chapter 3 clarifies how evolution works and how it relates to genetic and medical research. Furthermore, Chapter 4 and 5 explains the knowledge researchers have about genes role in health and diseases, and how society is affected with the advances in medicine and science given approximate credit to these researchers.

Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in families through genetics. Although not stated borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene-environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes respond to different environmental variation in different ways. Plasticity genes which is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. A phenotype is a set of observable characters of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Polymorphism is another term used which is the presences of genetic variation within a population, upon which natural selection can operate. Many studies performed on this subject which were often cited and compared with Amad’s et al. study.

The “Baby Face” activity was an activity that required a coin toss to determine what appearance a baby face was going to have. This activity helped us learn about the genetics, traits and characteristics that go ‘behind the scenes’ to determine the appearance of an organism. A characteristic is a feature that has a different form in a population, like hair color or eye color. A trait however, is the different forms of a characteristic, like brown hair and blue eyes. In the activity, a coin toss determined what the baby face appearance would look like in the end, and also in the activity, the coin toss determined the genotype of the baby which affects the phenotype. Genotype, is the combination of genes, while a phenotype is the actual physical

“If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment” (O’Neil, 1998-2013). Scientists call this reproductive success. “Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population” (Futuyma, 2000-2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research.

Genetic inheritance is a study field that presents twists and turns. Time reveals new discoveries about how other factors affects inheritance. The new discoveries will offer clarity to the issues of heredity and why certain people are different, yet they have identical genes. The documentary “Ghost in Your Genes “ expound on the subject of varying inheritance patterns.

This paper will discuss how phenotypes are driven by DNA inheritance in offspring by the genes known as alleles. Each parent provides an allele although on allele is hidden in one parent and can be passed on to his or her offspring. The information presented in the monohybrid cross that shows where one parent has the hidden allele of a gene that carries the trait of orange eyes that disappears and reemerges later in the genetic make-up of an offspring. The inheritance in the offspring is driven by the DNA of that individuals parents and the genetic traits one is born with are decided by the dominant and recessive genes of his or her parents (www.nature.com, 2014).

Phenotypic plasticity is the capacity for an individual to adapt to the changing environment. Phenotypic plasticity is the most adaptive when organisms encounter variable environments. Being able to turn on genes or turn off in response to a particular environment allows flexibility to cope with what might be rapid changes relatives to generation time. Individuals might use it to better their chance of surviving in a changing environment conditions. For example, cactus wren has behavioral flexibility

that genes and environment must be considered in conjunction during the analysis of traits and

Both genetic and environmental factors affect your phenotype. Traits that are primarily attributed to genetics are height, weight, eye color, hair color, and hair texture. All traits are influenced by the environment to some extent. While genetics are primarily responsible for what you will look like, the environment definitely has some impact on your phenotype as well.

Increasingly, people are beginning to realize that asking how much heredity or environment influence a particular trait is not the right approach. The reality is that there is not a simple way to disentangle the multitude of forces that exist. These influences include genetic factors that interact with one another, environmental factors that interact such as social experiences and overall culture, as well as how both hereditary and environmental influences intermingle. Instead, many researchers today are interested in seeing how genes modulate environmental influences and vice versa

Stated in on page 34,” human biological variations can be genetic or phenotype” (Brown.Barrett). What it state is that we can identified ourselves by looking at patterns in one group or community and see the differences among them. From the environment aspect we notice the differences in health nutrition, illness and death. These factors play a huge impact because when we talk about genetic we are talking about how people may be from the same place, but because they migrant they may change according to the growth of the variation that impacts their environment, their culture behaviors and conditions, their physical and social conditions and their genetic factor. When we talk about how the environment plays a role in human variation we can

Heredity – the transmission of traits from one generation to another, from parents to offspring; the protoplasmic continuity between parents and offspring

The traditional genetic analysis within populations by morphological markers, cytological markers and biochemical markers has not been very efficient when the selection objective involves several characteristics with unfavorable genetic correlation (Schwerin et al., 1995). These complications might include interactions between genes in the same locus (dominance) or in different loci (epitasis) or between specific genes and the environment (genotype by environment interactions) (Drinkwater et al., 1991). Also, the important phenotypic traits like rate of survival are expressed very late in the life to serve as useful criteria of selection (Dodds et al., 1996). To overcome this phenotype based genetic markers problem led to the