Gentrification In Brazil

The term ‘gentrification’ has myriads of interpretations from different geographers, and sociologists. Ever since, there has been protracted debate on its methodology, consequences and whether it constitutes a dominant or residual urban form. The term ‘gentrification’ was first coined by the Marxist urban geographer Ruth Glass (Glass, 1964) to describe the influx of wealthier individuals into cities or neighbourhoods who replace working or lower-classes already living there by using London districts such as Islington as her example. On the other hand, Smith and Williams (1986, p.1) define gentrification as “the rehabilitation of working class and derelict housing and the consequent transformation

Sao Paulo is Brazil’s financial center and is well-known for its breathtaking views, its abundant cultural institutions and for their rich architectural scene. However, there are many negative issues that are ravaging the lives of the citizens in this city. For starters, Sao Paulo has terribly congested traffic, a significant amount of crime and gang violence, a lack of quality in the medicine-health field, a high amount of air pollution, and also water shortages. However, these are not the biggest of their obstacles. Sao Paulo’s most pressing issue of the moment is the informal housing that is plaguing the city. This essay will first analyze Sao Paulo, Brazil’s informal housing issue, then will compare Sao Paulo’s unique obstacle to similar

Gentrification was a reality in many inner cities in the United States in the 1970s. The effects of gentrification may not be opposing, as many would believe. The migration of the wealthier parts of society to the suburbs has brought important financial problems to urban cities. With gentrification attracting more middle classes, dropping the intense poverty in inner cities is possible. Based on the findings of The Double-edges Sword of Gentrification in Atlanta, people would continue to move out of the old neighborhoods because of change in occupation, financial issue with rent, but this motion did not result in massive displacement of disadvantaged residents. In resulted in changing a few rules such as decreasing the cost of rent so low-income families were able to afford to live. As well educating these low-income families to lend money to lower-market sales scams.

The gentrification process is a trend in urban neighborhoods, which results in increased property values and the displacing of lower-income families and small businesses(Sims1994-1999). Many cities around the world have begun to adapt in order to bring in new revenue. This process is being done blindly, because the apparent change is not quite noticeable but the damage is being done. The fact that there is damage being done speaks volumes at the fact that this process is being done in a way that harms many children and schools. The toll that this process is taking on public education and minority families is rather clear. Families are being displaced from their homes and relocated to god knows where.

Gentrification is a practice that cultivates social displacement. This change is revealed in the change of the neighborhoods environmental aesthetics, engrossed by the belief that a rebirth of the older city was in the making.

Gentrification is not always seen as bad, there are many arguments that push for change and the bettering of spaces but always at the cost of the people of color and lower class citizens. The structure of society pushes them to the bottom, never in the media is there a clear wrong doing from gentrification, at worst it is a necessary evil to better communities and cities. “These alternative geographies are predicated on difference and the spatialization of non-dominant groups; alternative geographies are points of struggle which highlight the tension between dominant geographies and difference. Thus, imaginary geographies which do not neatly align themselves with conventional geographies, knowledges which reconfigure established geographical meanings, and resistant political locations, all suggest that difference is indicative of alternative geographies and geographic struggles.” (McKittrick & Peake, 13) Difference defines space and racism, by pointing out the difference groups can gain control of the system and have power over other groups. Gentrification is the middle class using their privilege to “better” a neighborhood and displace anyone of lower class that can not afford

Gentrification was previously supported by those with “cultural capital” in the arts; people like “artists, writers, teachers, professors.” These people specifically were the main reason that the mainstream middle class was being pushed out of their neighborhoods. Gentrification originally had been used to describe the improvements and modernization of close-to-demolished buildings. With "an increasing desire for the kind of cultural and intellectual pursuits”, it is argued that gentrifiers have been “establishing a new investment climate” that serves to create homes for middle-class caucasians, which pushes out the minorities of the surrounding area. However, this soon evolved with time, as more and more ethnic minorities and wealthy moved

Viewing the complex matter of gentrification succinctly, it helps to uncover how multifaceted it is; in that gentrification involves the oppression, marginalization, displacement of vulnerable populations, particularly, the poor, and the black who are often already negatively impacted by the effects of classism, and racism. Gentrification threatens to erode the communities and livelihood maintained by these set of people because their displacement becomes a precondition for the total transformation of the area.

Picture living in a torn down neighborhood, a neighborhood that has been there for years. Now jump forward 10 years and picture that torn down neighborhood with new luxury construction sites. Throughout the Washington DC metropolitan area many people suffer because of these gentrified changes. Not only are lower-class residents affected by this change, but so are some middle class residents who have experienced job layoffs because of technology advances, cutting costs, or relocation. The tribulations of homelessness within society leads to the reasoning’s most cities become gentrified within the U.S Many sociologist discuss how ethnicity, social class, education, family backgrounds and the inequality of income, contribute to the reasoning most

Development in any city is a good idea that is sometimes handled in a bad way. This often-quick development leads to gentrification. Living in the Bay Area residents notice the changes in the city both large and small ways. Changes such as childhood businesses closing or losing the recognition of a place they have grown up living in. San Francisco, in particular, has become at risk to gentrification in different districts causing lower income or even middle-class residents to struggle to pay rising rent costs. The rise in rent is not only seen in San Francisco but other cities in the Bay Area such as South San Francisco.

Gentrification has become a common phenomenon throughout many major cities in the United States and it is impacting millions. Gentrification can be dated back to the urban renewal and slum clearance, and post war reconstruction programs implemented during the 1950s and 1960s Schaffer and Smith 1986). Although the main idea of gentrification is to, from an economic standpoint, rebuild the city and redevelop its urban core, some people are in fact negatively impacted. There seems to be a trend on the groups of people effected. Many families are being displaced from their homes due to the fact that the city is redeveloping the “urban core” and attracting many young, affluent people to live in areas surrounding it. Although, the benefits of gentrification are seemingly attractive to the governments and cities do they really outweigh the benefits of those being unable to afford the housing and being moved out of areas they have lived in for generations just to be displaced into just as impoverished of an area as before.

In 1999, thirty years later, Perlman decided to revisit Rio de Janeiro and began a new study with the previously used locations: the favela of Catacumba, which was destroyed in 1970, forcing its residents to relocated to multiple low income apartment complexes known as conjuntos; Nova Brasilia, which became part of the infamous Complexo do Alemao (a complex of many favelas); and lastly the municipality of Duque de Caxias which is located in region known as the Lowlands of the State of Rio (Baixada Fluminense). This newly acquired research served in the production of Favela: Four Decades of Living on the Edge in Rio de Janeiro. This book tells the stories of people that Perlman interviewed along with their children and grandchildren. She blends detailed personal testimonies with insightful

Gentrification has been a controversial issue both in urban planning and politics primarily due to the displacement of poor people by the rich folks (Shaw & Hagemans, 2015). Many individuals have viewed gentrification as an illegal act that should be avoided at all costs. On the other hand, another group of people believe that gentrification is the way forward to promoting growth and development. With such contrasting ideas, this paper is going to take a look at gentrification from a positive and negative perspective, its effects, and how it can be prevented or contained. Apart from this, the paper will also address the following questions.

From the formation of these slums, the government never paid much attention to the welfare of these residents. The members of these favelas began to work together to provide medical care, methods of transportation and other necessities to one another. They lived in silence in the first half of the twentieth century until they began to attract political attention near the second half of the twentieth century. Due to the favelas being located near Rio’s most affluent neighborhoods, the Brazilian government attempted to eradicate the favelas. However, they failed to address the root causes of Rio’s poverty-stricken areas and the favela population maintained their expansion unwaveringly through the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s. The government lost hope in the evacuation of the favelas and abandoned their endeavor in the late 1970s.

Rio de Janeiro is a seaside city in Brazil. It is the second largest city in Brazil and third largest metropolis in all of South America (Encyclopedia). Rio de Janeiro is widely known for their favelas, which are the slums in Brazil within its urban areas. Favelas were created at the end of the nineteenth century, when Brazil was transitioning from a monarchy to a republic (Brown University). By the 1920s, the city had become an important industrial center with a population exceeding one million people (Advameg Inc.). By the 1940s, the population of Rio had nearly grown to two million people and the government could no longer control urban growth, as skyscrapers and large apartment buildings were eradicated replacing the older, smaller community