Geographic Information Science And Systems

Some of the major technologies used in geography, have made both sorts of information far more readily available and far easier to use. Statistical analysis and modeling of spatial patterns have relied on computer technology.

(1999) state that ‘Geo-Spatial Information Science is a comprehensive and integrated information science and technology, which is used to acquire, measure, analysis, store, manage, display, diffuse and apply the data related to earth and spatial distribution.’ Furthermore, with the continuing effects of human activity upon the environment becoming more apparent in the form of climate change, the Geomatics industry is becoming more important in mapping temporal changes and spatial distribution especially in the case of natural disasters, but is also significant due to globalisation, in mapping social, economic or distribution aspects globally and locally.

RMS can also include separate databases such as crime reports, arrest reports, persons information, property and evidence information, vehicle information, accident reports, field information, calls for service (e.g. snapshot data), and investigations. The contents of RMSs vary, however their purpose to store crime incidents data and link them with related data, remains unchanging across different software products and police departments. In addition to collecting and storing information, RMS is used to check the quality of data, retrieve incidents, and provide information. A geographic data system creates, maintains, and stores geographic data. Typically, city or county agencies use geographic data systems to create and maintain

3. Organizing geographic information: Once collected, geographic information should be organized and displayed in ways that help analysis and interpretation; these range from the visual and graphical (e.g., maps, graphs, diagrams, tables) to the written (e.g., essays, paragraphs, pertinent quotes, tables) (NGS).

1. ) With new technology such as Satellites scanning the surface of the earth, cartographers can use geographic information science or (GIS) to help them make more detailed and accurate maps. This has allowed scientists to get very precise and complex information from all of the data coming from the satellite orbiting around the earth at all different distances and angles. Another use for all of the Satellites is remote sensing, this allows satellite images to be scanned in thin lines any time a satellite could scan a small area or a pixel. With this we can look at very small features of earth from space and removals send it back down to earth for Analysis. A scientist can use this tech for making very accurate maps about features such as population

plays a major part of our geographic information system. With all the advance technology today

For example, Whitehead and Snow came from different backgrounds and would not have been friends if Cholera did not exist. Additionally, Snow’s map would not have existed if London did not exist. Snow’s map lead to geographical based information systems (GIS) because it took a city and mapped out the number of deaths. GIS allows citizens to view a place and overlay data to find answers. An example of a GIS system is Google Maps because the program takes a map, and overlays data, such as traffic levels, to visually show results. However, the accuracy of the results depends on how frequently the data is

GIS is a computerized integrated data management system used to analyze and present geographical and spatial data.10 GIS has been used

Spatial data is a costly resource to generate and maintain, spatial data consumers have been unable to accurately and conveniently link with other spatial data users to share and discover useful and relevant data. There is problem of insufficient and inappropriate metadata available for the clearinghouse, metadata problems impact on effective spatial data use. The following are examples of issues associated with spatial metadata:

The solution to these issues cannot be resolved in a short period of time as these are mainly socio-economic complications, however, attainable solutions are present. As far as GIS comprehensive, this will become less of an issue as more people become familiar with using computers and maps through work and education (Carver et al, 2001). As mentioned earlier in Baker’s (2005) article, strides are being made to teach K-12 students Web GIS, for digital learning

Policy transformation and technology innovation can strategically create social environment that are void of health disparities. Health should be a reality for everyone regardless of physical, social, and economic conditions. Spatial analysis offers insight as to the ways in which one’s socioeconomic status impacts their health and wellbeing. Geospatial mapping can reveal the impact of society as a whole on health inequalities

The RFP states that the purpose of the GIS project is to have a consultant to assess what GIS services are working for the city and what sorts of recommendations can help improve GIS services for the city’s departments. In addition, the City of Wellington has an Enterprise GIS system and conducting a needs assessment can help provide recommendations on how to share and create databases and GIS data among other city departments. Also, it is important to note that the RFP states that the consultant must bring in people who can help with outside developing outside services and products for the needs assessment. For example, the consultant might need one of his team members to create an application for providing open GIS data for all citizens in the city. Overall, this GIS project can help all the city departments to conduct a GIS analysis efficiently and thus the needs assessment can help the city improve on its six focus

Dr. Urby had a guest speaker during his class today. The guest speaker was Dr. Gilmore, he gave a presentation on Geography. He has done extensive research in South Mexico, South America, and Honduras. Dr. Gilmore’s presentation was mainly focused on explaining the fundamental concepts of geography and its importance. Additionally, he introduced the class to the Geographic Information System (GIS). This system is a crucial tool that is available for geographers. In fact, everyone can access a geographic information system by utilizing their GPS on their smartphone. Moreover, Dr. Gilmore gave the example that the Mexican Government changed their oil and gas policies to open their doors to foreign companies. Dr. Gilmore utilized GIS to highlight

A geographic information system (GIS) provides a sophisticated tool for 3-D analysis which can offer another way of transforming data to see patterns and meaning for managers and researchers. GIS can also provide more sophisticated analysis functions such as layering spatial variable and querying for defined parameters (Fleming, 2015). GIS can provide interactivity rather than just static maps. They can also measure not only the direct distance between a neighborhood and its nearest hospital, but also the actual driving distance via an existing road network.

GIS resources are the maps, globes, address locators, geodatabases, and tools that one wants to share with others. It can host GIS resources on ArcGIS for Server system and allow client applications, such as web mapping applications and mobile devices, to use and interact with the resources [1]. It is possible to create web-based services, providing maps for users to search and browse geographic information [2]. ESRI’s ArcGIS Server connects people with the geographic information they need. Organizations use ArcGIS Server to distribute maps and other GIS capabilities provided by web mapping applications and services to improve internal workflows, communicate vital issues, and engage stakeholders [3]. WebGIS is the integration product of GIS and Internet technologies. WebGIS differs from