Geranium: A Solid Right Under Silicon In The Periodic Table

Oxygen and silicon are very significant and both play an important role in Earth’s crust. Oxygen is a dominant acceptor of electrons and rather recently became a vital part of the atmosphere. But 99.9999 % of the oxygen in the atmosphere is found in rocks and minerals. There are plenty of atoms that must be added or lost, being that oxygen plays such an important chemical role as an electron acceptor. Silicon is the most valuable electron contributor to the oxygen atom. There are fourteen protons in the nucleus of a silicon atom. Silicon usually gives up four of its electrons, leaving the atom with ten electrons. The four electrons that are given up by the silicon are then consumed by two oxygen atoms. They then create negatively charged ions

It mostly used to make alloys including aluminium-silicon and ferro-silicon (iron-silicon). These are also used to make dynamo and transformer plates, engine blocks, cylinder heads, machine tools, to deoxidise steel, and to make silicone( silicon-oxygen polymers with methyl groups attached), which you can make silicone rubber and oil. It can also be used extensively as a semiconductor in solid-state devices in the computer and microelectronics industries, which is made with hyperpure silicon. The silicon is selectively doped with tiny amounts of boron, gallium, phosphorus or arsenic to control its electrical properties. It can sometimes be used in, a) granite and most other rocks, which are complex silicates, and are used for civil engineering projects, b) concrete and cement, which are made with sand (silicon dioxide or silica) and clay (aluminium silicate), and c), in pottery, enamels, and high-temperature ceramics, which have silicate in them. Lastly, silicon carbides are important abrasives and are also used in lasers. Silicon benefits Arizona by making is more technology and helping people’s

I choose Sulfur because of it’s bright yellow color which really catches your attention. I also found it very interesting how much damage sulfur really is to the human. Plus is a very hard element to locate due to the fact that it can mainly be found by hot springs or volcanoes. Sulfur, also spelled sulphur, is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number of 16. It is an abundant non-metal and at room temperature is a bright yellow crystalline solid. Chemically, sulfur combines with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, nitrogen, tellurium, iodine, and the noble gases. Sulfur forms over 30 solid allotropes, more than any other element. Allotropes are different forms in which an element can exist. I picked this element because

The periodic table is a table that categorises and displays all of the chemical elements. It is made up of groups, periods and blocks. A group (also referred to as a family) are the columns of elements, there are 8 groups. The elements in each family have similar but not identical properties and they all have the same number of outer electrons. E.g. lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) are all soft, white, shiny metals because they are all members of group 1. A period is each horizontal row of elements, there are 7 periods. In a period, the elements are not alike in properties, the first element in a period is always an extremely active solid, and the last element in a period is always an inactive gas. Properties change greatly across a given row. Each new period represents the next shell which electrons fill. A block is a region of the periodic, there are 4 blocks: S, D, P and F.

Semiconductors such as silicon and germanium were able to display properties of both conductors and insulators, which made them useful in electronic operations. Germanium was initially used partly because it was easy to work with, but also because silicon was brittle, hard to purify, and unable to be mass produced. In turn, Germanium transistors were invented by John Burdeen, Walter Brattan, and William Shockley in 1947 at Bell Labs, replacing the need for costly and inefficient vacuum tubes (Lecuyer). The transistor was much smaller, more reliable, and provided the same important features of the vacuum tube (“The History of the Integrated Circuit”). Nonetheless, germanium still prompted a problem since it was unstable at high temperatures (“Germanium Transistors”). Silicon’s stability called for the development of a silicon transistor, which was achieved by Texas Instruments in 1954, giving TI a firm reputation that attracted the attention of many emerging engineers, who one of which, was Jack Kilby (Reid

Recently, Thomas Graedel, from Yale university stated that for metals like yttrium, including the metal itself, it seems inadequate, and nearly unknown that there are any alternatives that can match the element’s effectiveness, and be more greener(9). Surely, many can assume that other rare earth metals, including the family lanthanides can easily be alternatives for yttrium, but because of most be either more reactive, less effective, and even rarer to obtain/ extract, these metals cannot be alternatives(5,9). Moreover, Mr.Graedel, and other sources stated that the world needs to work on creating technology, and day-to-day items without the use of these metals, as it would be much more greener(9), and prevent further over-exploitation of the resource. Despite the fact, the yttrium is a great “greener” alternative for other elements/chemicals such as replacing lead in automobiles, or even replacing elements in medical needles (5,9)

Our lives sometimes tend to be very fast passed and it seems as though we are always on the go. We generally do not really stop to think about the stuff around us. We may not always or ever, think about how simple things like paper, concrete, steel or plastic have been fundamental to our existence. In the book Stuff Matters: Exploring the Marvelous Materials that Shape Our Man Made World the author Mark Miodownik successfully explains how these materials have become essential to our everyday lives by going back in history to when we encountered this materials. Mark Miodownik is a materials engineer and Professor of Materials and Society at University College London.

Lithium is the third element in the periodic table, with 3 protons and the element symbol Li. Lithium is an alkali metal. . The name for lithium comes from Greek lithos which means stone. Lithium does not occur free in nature but it is found in nearly all igneous rocks and in mineral springs. Pure lithium metal is corrosive. If lithium did not react with water, which it does, it would float. Lithium is used in medicine, as a heat transfer agent. Lithium is used to transfer heat from one object to the next. Some things lithium is used in are glasses, organic compounds, and ceramics. Because it is such a good conductor of electricity, it is used in batteries as well. It’s also used for making alloys; examples of alloys are brass, bronze, 14k gold, and sterling silver. Lithium is a metal that is used to impart a red color to fireworks.

Before history was recorded humans had knowledge of certain elements including gold (Au), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). Nevertheless, it wasn’t until the year of 1669 that Hennig Brand discovered the very first element – Phosphorous (P) – through scientific inquiry. Hennig Brand discovered phosphorous through extracting it from urine. Due to the element having the ability to grow in the dark it was referred to as “light bearer”. In 1980 English chemist Robert Boyle discovered phosphorous independently, following Hennig Brand keeping the process of his discovery secret.

Gypsum is a great example because it can be used for industrial things, like a house, or can be in food items. Essentially, when Gypsum is used in a house, there are many different benefits. It could be lifesaving if your house was on fire or overheating. In addition, Gypsum in food can help you take in more calcium, which is essential to the human body. Gypsum has many other surprising uses that is not just for industrial or food use. Also other minerals like Fluorite can be used in toothpaste or Diamonds can be used as jewelry or for industrial use to cut materials. Overall, minerals are used in everyday life because they surround you. They are in the food at the grocery store, in the walls of houses, in toothpaste, and in many other things that you use

It also plays a big biological role both positive and can be negative. It has structure as all atoms do and needs to go through a cycle to be used. It has unique physical and chemical properties and many uses. Phosphorus structure Phosphorus has a nucleus like all other atoms; Phosphorus’s

Gallium is the element number 31. Gallium is the one of the only metal that will be liquid in your hand. Mercury is an liquid metal element number 80 that freezes at -280 degrees fairenheight with liquid nitrogen. Mercury was a popular thing to play with but people realized that they were slowly being poisoned by it.Gallium is not known to be toxic, but it can stain your hand dark brown. cesium is another metal that will literally melt in your hand but without putting it in an ampoule, it will explode and catch on fire. Gallium tends to be the less dangerous type of liquid metal other than explosive cesium to lethal mercury. Gallium melts at a temperatue of 83.4 fairenheight. In order to buy gallium you must first order it then, they must purize

My element is Silver. The atomic number of silver (Ag) is 47. Silver is in group 11 and period 5. The mass number of Silver is 107, and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d^10 5s^1. Silver was one of the first five metals discovered and used by humans. Silver’s melting point is 1,763.2 degrees fahrenheit. Silver is commonly used to make mirrors, as it's the best known reflector of light. Silver is also commonly in silverware, where the appearance is important. Silver is most commonly used in jewelry, where sterling silver is 92.5% silver.

In the world there are 118 different elements. Each of these elements have a specific job that they accomplish for us and the Earth. Some of these elements are used more than others. There are even a few that do not occur naturally on Earth, which means they are created in labs or in other controlled areas. Many are even harmful to us which can cause many illnesses if not treated with care. Although some may be harmful or some may be man-made they serve a purpose in order to keep our world going.

Copper has made an impact on life for over 10,000 years. It was the first metal that was known to man for a while, but it has many uses that people are able to benefit from. Back then copper was mostly used for decorative items just like gold and silver is used for jewelry now (Copper Development Association Inc. 2015). It was also used for statues because copper is able to bend easy. Now copper is used for coins, medical use to study metabolism and gastrointestinal diseases, good conductor of heat and energy, and it is used for plumbing pipes (Winter).