Germ Line Mutation Essay

1. What is a mutation? A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

So what does the word mutations mean? According to the world dictionary it means “a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome” (Dictionary.com, 2016). Mutation is a natural process that

Breast Cancer affects one in eight of American women, and is the second most common cause of cancer death in America. I chose to write my term paper on breast cancer because it is a disease that has effected some members of my family. Due to this possibly inherited condition, I felt that researching the topic would help me learn ways to prevent the disease and educate myself to perform self-exams that may result in early detection.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women. The main prognostic factor for the condition is tumor characteristics. A tumor with a length larger than 2cm, with negative estrogen and progesterone reports and axillary nodal involvement decreases the patient’s survival rate. Approximately between 8% and 10% of women diagnosed with breast cancer will present a reappearance of cancer and around 15% will later develop distant metastases in other parts of the body.

have a greater risk of developing breast cancer or other cancers as such. Thus, the findings of this

Breast Cancer risk assessment tools are tools to estimate personal risk factors and estimating the chance of developing breast cancer over a period of time (e.g. 10 years), or over your lifetime. There are several reliable online tools available to help you to understand breast cancer risk and inform your decision-making about breast cancer risk reduction .Still no tool can predict whether or not you will develop breast cancer. However, risk assessment tools can help you gain a more thorough understanding of what breast cancer risk factors . These tools have strengths and limitations. Most importantly it is clear that the tools only provide an estimation of risk based on the risk factors it assess.

breast cancer from twenty five to thirty percent and women age forty the data states a

Age: Breast cancer incidence increases with age, it doubles about every 10 years until the menopause, after which the rate of increase slows dramatically.

According to the American Cancer Society, Each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It changes from a normal cell to cancerous cells that require gene alterations. Therefore the altered genes and the uncontrolled growth may lead to tumors.

Mutations happen to many organisms. I for one am a mutation. A mutation is when a gene that is added or detached from the DNA sequence. For example my mutation happened in my eyes one of the genes detached or stopped

In the United States in 1999 alone, an estimated 43,700 people will die from breast cancer. It is the number two cancer killer among females ages 15 to 54. On average if a woman gets this disease, their life expectancy drops drastically. This cancer is within the top three cancers of all women above the age of 15, and comprises a great amount of all health care costs in the U.S. totaling an astounding 37 billion dollars a year in direct medical costs. An average woman is said to have a one in nine chance of getting the cancer, but if that person had family history of the disease, his or her chances have been measured up to a one in six chance. Sixty-nine percent of African-American women survive from it, and there are predicted to be

People who are more likely to develop breast cancer, but what percent of them actually will be diagnosed with breast cancer.

Problem: Breast Cancer Incidence Rates have been on the rise since 1975 and so has the cost of treatment which has come with it. (Preventative)

Many men and women are facing what we call the era of cancer. Cancer is now one of the most deadly diseases in world, without proper treatment, someone can die within just a couple weeks, month or years. Cancer cannot be labelled as one disease because there are many different assortments with this sickness. The world’s oldest documented case of cancer is 3500 years old, it was recorded on a papyrus, documenting eight cases of breast cancer. With this discovery, physicians could all join hand in hand to help find a solution for this disease. Throughout the years of finding, what is now one of the most deadly diseases in the world, doctors and scientist are working day and night around the clock to make sure patients are being

The term breast cancer represents the process in which abnormal cells in the breast(s) grow uncontrollably. (Cancer Australia 2016) The most common risk factors in relation to breast cancer consist of; being a woman, your family history, age, genetics, personal medical history, radiation, breast changes, ethnicity, weight and pregnancy history. In the year 2015, 15,740 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed, and 3065 deaths occurred (Breast Screen Australia 2016).