Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm )

Gestational diabetes is a disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrates, usually caused by a deficiency of insulin resistance, occurring in

Most pregnancies progress with the mother being healthy, however in some cases problems do arise with the mother developing complications. This can in the form of gestational diabetes. Mothers who didn’t have diabetes prior to pregnancy exhibit high blood sugar levels, in most cases this is during the later stages of pregnancy, this could lead to pre-eclampsia and babies could be born with higher birth weights. If left unchecked mothers can develop type 2 diabetes post pregnancy.

Amanda manages her gestational diabetes with diet. She experiences a few episodes of postprandial hyperglycemia, but does not have to go on insulin. At her 36-week

Offer lifestyle advice and check a FBG at 6-13 weeks after birth in those women with GDM. Do not routinely offer an oral glucose tolerance testo

4). There are two major types of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2, and gestational diabetes is a third type that could occur during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the more common of the three types, attributing tor around 95 percent of new cases of diabetes (Prezbindowski & Porth, 2005 pg. 1309 para. 1). Diabetes mellitus is caused by one’s body having trouble breaking down foods they eat to convert to energy due to an inefficient supply of insulin or an inability to use insulin effectively. The source of the problem derives from beta cells located in the pancreas. These cells are special for their production of insulin and response to it. If there is a problem with the beta cells in the pancreas, then their inefficient supply and absorption of insulin results to an increased amount of glucose in the blood stream that cannot be absorbed sufficiently which leads to a diabetic condition. If one may suspect diabetes mellitus as a health condition they are experiencing, there are common signs and symptoms that are associated with the disease.

In gestational diabetes, this type of diabetes develops in women only during pregnancy. When a woman is pregnant there are a surge of varied hormones that are produced. These hormones sometimes lead to a pregnant woman developing resistance to the insulin just like the other two types of diabetes. It also comes about because the body cannot use the insulin that is produced, effectively. This usually affects a woman in her second trimester and goes away after the birth of the baby. Developing GD can put a woman at risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in her life or developing GD with every pregnancy that follows. It can also lead to certain health problems in their children like childhood obesity or the risk of developing diabetes in later life.

There is an unresolved debate on whether routine HbA1c’s are not cost effective and the model should remain as women receiving a polycose test at 24-28 weeks. An HbA1c is a blood test that requires no consumption of concentrated glucose drinks or fasting. It measures the amount of blood glucose over the prior 120 days (Sevket, Sevket, Ozel, Dansuk & Kelekci, 2014). It has however been concluded that HbA1c’s are not an alternative for diagnosis of GDM and are not useful in reduces the need for further diagnostic testing (Sevket, Sevket, Ozel, Dansuk & Kelekci, 2014). Therefore not all guidelines are updated to follow these recommendations supported by the MOH (2014) REFERENCE and REFERENCE. The algothrithm for ADHB (2013) and WDHB (2012) follow the ‘risk screening’ approach where only women with risk factors are offered an HbA1c, all other women are offered the routine polycose at 24-28 weeks. Victorias midwife followed these guidelines. The screening and diagnosis of GDM also detects unrecognised type two diabetes and rarely type one (Pairman et al., 2015) because the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus includes insulin resistance, similar to GDM. Thus pregnancy provides a window of opportunity to identify women at risk of developing type 2 diabetes or who may be in the prediabetic state (Lacroix et al, 2013; Chasam-Taber, 2015). Prehaps if Victoria was offered an HbA1c at booking her GDM might have been recognised earlier.

Diabetes has been established to be more precarious for women, as it can augment pregnancy complications such as macrosomia, miscarriage, and birth defects. Women with diabetes also have a higher prevalence of secondary cardiovascular disease. Among those women who continue in the spiral of diabetes complications, ischemic heart disease is an even greater complication which will reduce survival and quality of life (Beckles and Thompson-Reid, 2011). Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in their lifetime. It has been proven that an average of 25 percent of pregnant women with GDM will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within an average of seven years (Sokup, Ruszkowska-Ciatec, Walentowicz, Grabiec & Rose, 2014). In such women, blood glucose and triglyceride levels must be monitored closely, and appropriate action and referrals are given if needed for proper disease management.

Gestational diabetes is a disease that affects pregnant women it’s a glucose intolerance that is started or diagnosed during pregnancy. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies. Pregnancy hormones can block insulin therefore causing the glucose levels to increase in a pregnant woman’s blood. Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy (American Diabetes Association). Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to

This is a condition where the mother develops diabetes (mainly seen as high blood sugar) during pregnancy.She may not have been diabetic before pregnancy and the condition usually abates during pregnancy. According to the Center for disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gestational diabetes affects up to 1 out of 10 pregnant women in the US. In a recent review, up to 13.9% of Pregnant Nigerian women in Urban places were found to have diabetes. Most of them had risk factors which accounted for the high prevalence.

Between 5.5 and 8.8% of pregnant women develop GDM in Australia. Risk factors for GDM include a family history of diabetes, increasing maternal age, obesity and being a member of a community or ethnic group with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. While the carbohydrate intolerance usually returns to normal after the birth, the mother has a significant risk of developing permanent diabetes while the baby is more likely to develop obesity and impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes later in life. Self-care and dietary changes are essential in treatment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby has and gets enough nutrients. The placenta makes several hormones which make it hard for insulin to control blood glucose and block the action of the mother’s insulin in her body (American Diabetes Association, 2010). Hormonal changes during the

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes which usually occurs around 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy. [1] A pregnant woman is diagnosed with GDM when her blood glucose level is higher than normal. Therefore, there are several treatment options available to treat GDM patient.

Gestational diabetes happens during pregnancy. If an individual is diagnosed with this condition it usually disappears when the baby is born, although a history of gestational diabetes may increase a woman’s chances of developing Type II diabetes later in life. Diabetes can be managed through use of medication, insulin, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes may occur around the 24th week of pregnancy. It doesn’t necessarily mean that the patient has or may develop diabetes. Studies have shown that it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies. Gestational diabetes begins when your body is incapable of producing and using insulin necessary for pregnancy. Glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to energy without enough insulin.

According to American Diabetes Association (2004), GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks (p. S88). GDM affects approximately seven percent of all pregnancies (p. S88). If GDM is left untreated, it can cause adverse effect on the mother and the child. American Diabetes Association (2004) also illustrated that maternal and perinatal morbidities are linked to the untreated GDM (p. S88). Although gestational diabetes disappears after birth, women with GDM are at increased risk for developing diabetes later in life. As mentioned by National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2006), babies of untreated mothers with GDM can suffer from macrosomia, hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome and low