Gestational Diabetes Research Report

Pollution continues to pose an enormous threat to residents of urban cities worldwide. In the August 2008 Monthly Update, it is stated that approximately 800,000 deaths each year can be attributed to outdoor air pollution, making pollution the single most harmful environmental hazard to human health in urban areas (Kallman). The fact that pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people each year alone portrays just how dangerous living in these conditions can be. Kallman writes about a study which proves an increase in upper respiratory diseases, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and low birth weights when exposed to air pollutants (August 2008: Monthly Update). These can be very serious diseases and complications which, when contracted, can lead to death or very serious illnesses. There

It is estimated that 387 million people, globally live with diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). According to Medical News Today [MNT], diabetes is a metabolic disorder; which causes patients to be extremely thirsty and produce a lot of urine. Diabetes arises due to high blood pressure, due to the body not being able to produce enough insulin or because the body does not respond well to high insulin levels (MNT, 2016). There are four types of diabetes; there is the pre-diabetic stage, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. In 2014, 29 million people died due to diabetes. This equates to 1 diabetic patient dying every seven seconds due to preventable complications (including complications affecting lower limbs) caused by diabetes. It is said that 20-40% of health care costs are spent on the treatment of lower limb complications due to diabetes. The risk of a diabetic patient developing a foot ulcer is 25% and foot ulcers account approximately 85% of lower limb amputations. Diabetic complications that affect lower limbs are caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). It is said that the World Health Organization described diabetic foot syndrome as including all possible complications in relation to the feet of a diabetic patient. Diabetic foot syndrome is defined as the ulceration of the foot, from the ankle downwards. Causes of foot ulceration include peripheral sensory neuropathy, vascular disease (ischaemia) and infection

In the past decade, the severe air pollution problem in fast developing countries, particularly in China, has caused highly social and scientific attention. In 2014, 92 % of the world population are exposed over to the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) PM2.5 concentration level of 10 μg/m3 (World Health Organization, 2016). Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution ranked as the third leading risk factor in India and Nepal, and ranked as the fifth in China (GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators, 2016). In 2012, about 3 million deaths globally were attributed solely to ambient air pollution, and around 87% of it occurred in low- and middle-income countries (World Health Organization, 2016).

Did you know many upper respiratory diseases such as asthma and others diseases like cataracts and skin cancer are aggravated by air pollution. The NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) states that “the following air pollutants are common triggers of asthma, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.” Air pollution is the presence in or introduction into the air of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

Air pollution is the dispersion of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the atmosphere, causing diseases, allergies and death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as animals and food crops or the natural or built environments (Brunekreef & Holgate, 2002; Nowak, Crane, & Stevens, 2006). Polluted air directly or indirectly may cause or be attributed to an increase in fatality or serious unwellness and decline humans state of health (Kampa & Castanas, 2008). For example, in Canada, the Ontario Medical Association has attributed 9500 premature deaths per year and evaluates increased costs of health care ($506.64 M) and missed productivity ($374.18) as a result of air pollution (Rowe, 2011). Thus, employment

"Air pollution affects preterm birthrates globally, study finds." Washingtonpost.com, 23 Feb. 2017. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A482361512/SUIC?u=pioneer&xid=4fd95546. Accessed 27 Apr. 2017.

Poor air quality is associated with some health issues from the short-term problems to severe

Living in a place with bad air quality is a risk to everyone, but there are people with significantly higher instability. People with pre-existing maladies, mainly cardiovascular and respiratory, are more susceptible to more severe illnesses. Children are also more vulnerable than healthy adults. This is because their systems and internal organs are not fully

Gestational diabetes (mellitus) is diabetes, or glucose intolerance, recognized during pregnancy. It has all of the normal effects of diabetes mellitus, but compounds with the possible complications that may result to the mother or child. Thankfully, gestational diabetes is manageable with simple things, like exercise and a proper gestational diabetes diet menu. If properly managed, gestational diabetes may reverse after pregnancy ends.

Starting in the year 2004, the air pollution has reached an alarming level in the city o Toronto. Dr Barbara Yaffe, the acting medical officer of health of Toronto Public health, has released a report in July 2004 saying that the “air pollution [in the city] has contributed to over 1700 premature deaths and 6000 hospitalization admission in Toronto each year” (Yaffe, 2004, p.i). According to this report, pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide have increased within the air of the city; these pollutants are tiny particles that are 2.5 micron in diameter or less and can affect people’s respiratory system and cause cardiovascular and respiratory problems such as “asthma, bronchitis in children, adult chronic bronchitis, and heart problem” (TPH, 2007, figure 1). Although it

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby has and gets enough nutrients. The placenta makes several hormones which make it hard for insulin to control blood glucose and block the action of the mother’s insulin in her body (American Diabetes Association, 2010). Hormonal changes during the

The present study is an epidemiological study. We processed PM10 data by the use of Excel software and AirQ model. This study was aimed to assess the potential effects of PM10 exposure on prevalence of COPD. This estimation was based on caiculating relative risk (RR) and attributable proportion (AP). Sampling was done in 4 stations in Ahvaz for measuring air pollutants. Sampling and analysis were performed according to EPA guideline. In this study, data from 175200 (4×24×365×5) air sampling during 2009 to 2013 were obtained from ADE. Raw data analysis process encompassed temperature and pressure modifications, primary processing (deletion, spreadsheet, and synchronization), secondary processing (writing code and condition correction), formulation, and filtering. Finally, after the

This essay will be discussing Australian aboriginal pregnant women aged 20 to 40 years old and one of the major health issues that this population faces is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). GDM is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, it is diagnosed when higher than normal blood glucose levels first appear during pregnancy according Diabetes Australia, 2016. It is estimated that the highest prevalence reported among the Indigenous population. GDM is a major cause of serious complications in pregnancy and birth and it is also a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women, according to Chamberlain et al 2015.

To measure the public health impacts of ambient air quality for environmental public health tracking, both consistent accurate data and measure approaches are required. Though EPA has developed statistical based ambient air estimates (using HB model) for use in EPHT, the correct modeling and representative results are all based on accuracy data collection. From my personal experience as a biostatistician, if the collected data are not representative or inaccuracy, however well the measuring methods are, researchers will never get the real truth. Thus challenges regarding data collection and routinely share are the most important. They are the foundation of the whole study. Overcoming these challenges are more than necessary. More in detail, as described in the article the data collection and routinely share challenges are important and mainly from two

In addition to our food supply being in danger, health care costs are on the rise.”The health costs of human exposure to outdoor air pollutants range from 40-50 billion dollars a year”(Leonardo Academy). There are almost 2 million emergency room visits a year, for asthma, that is caused by air pollution. “Employers lose 14,000 work days every year when asthma keeps adults out of the workplace”(Natural Resource Defense Council). The number of hospital visits has increased due to the many health effects of pollution costing billions of dollars to the public and government.