Essay about Ghandi Vs. Kemal

Ataturk and Reza Shah had a large influence on the governments of Turkey and Iran by secularizing and westernizing each. This secularization has had a distinct role in shaping the language, education, religion and government of both Turkey and Iran. Their end goals were to create a powerful and prevalent world powers that is distinct. Comparing the two countries, there were many similarities between each reformation, but each is distinct in certain aspects.

Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in the Indian coastal city of Porbandar (Background Essay). He then studied law in London, where he noticed that Indians were expected to imitate their rulers, the Englishmen (Background Essay). Gandhi wanted all people to live free, even those imposed by India’s caste system so he decided to take action in a peaceful manner (Background Essay). By doing so he was able to gain India’s independence in 1947 (Background Essay). This caused Gandhi to be known as “ Mahatma” or “ Great Soul” because he was able to do it without violence (Background Essay). Gandhi’s nonviolent movement worked because he accepted the consequences to his actions, strived for fairness to all mankind, and didn’t think of the British as enemies.

Religion was very important in the Ottoman Empire, and it had a great influence on various activities done in the empire. Economy and Education were two of the many things that religion had influence on and impacted. Religion also changed the social classes and their order. Architecture was completely changed due to the Muslim architects and the way they put it together.

Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar India to a Hindu father and Jainist mother. His very religious mother was a practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu). Influenced by his mother's beliefs Gandhi was governed by self-discipline and nonviolence. He soon got married and sailed off to study law. When Gandhi returned he was in shock of what had happened to India, in just 1 year. Gandhi's beliefs never changed and he still strongly believed in self-discipline and nonviolence. He wanted to make a change in India’s cultures. And that’s exactly what he did, he made the change he saw in the world. Gandhi used many tactics to get India's independence, such as Civil disobedience, embracing the enemy, and acceptance of jail time.

The independence of Turkey and its early development as a country full of energetic youth required a combination of two almost contradictory ideals : In order to illustrate its disassociation with the past Ottoman authority the new government desired international style which expresses scientific modernization and political liberation; However, the Kemalists also wanted to preserve a certain degree of cultural root in order to boost, if not, maintain nationalistic devotion of its citizens. Consequently, a new hybridization of theses two ideals emerged

Sultan Mahmud II and other educated Ottomans with European influence, started one of the largest reform movements in the history of the Ottoman Empire . With the Tanzimat, life in the Ottoman Empire changed significantly, changing the way Ottomans lived. The Ottoman Empire was home to a variety types nationalities, races, religions, and cultures. The Ottomans issued a new policy known as Ottomanism , where they wanted to unite these people under Tanzimat. Some of the results from this policy was the creation of a national anthem

Both leaders that arose in the aftermath of World War I had earned their reputations, and status as military leaders. Mustafa Kemal had trained at various military academies and was known for his military leadership during the Gallipoli campaign. The man who would become the leader of Iran was then known as Reza Khan, a Turkish-speaking commander of the Cossack brigade tasked with maintaining the British ?buffer state? in Persia. These two men would rise through the ranks of their respective countries and attempt to create ?Westernized? societies while mitigating Arab traditions and identities.

4). In 1913, “three of the Young Turks helped to gain control of Turkey’s government via a coup” (UHRC, par. 10). They wanted to create a “great and eternal land called Turan with one language and one religion” (UHRC, par. 10).

They thought that Turkey should be a Muslim country, they thought people of any other religion were “infidels”, and shouldn’t be considered Turkish. Again, as most genocides start, they started by boycotting establishments being ran by anyone who wasn’t Muslim, and stripping them of their civil liberties. After dehumanizing them, they started the systematic slaughtering of the Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians. They used many methods to try and exterminate these “infidels” such as, parboiling, mass drowning, death marches, and forced labor until death. These methods are some of the more tame. When the Pontic Greeks, after witnessing what had happened to the armenians before them, knew what was coming. The men escaped to the mountains, the mercenaries that were enlisted to kill them then went after the women and children that stayed within the village. A common form of killing was to bring them to a nearby cave, seal them inside, and either burn them alive or use gas to suffocate them inside. Any of the men who were caught, were thrown, still alive into the furnaces of the ships that the mercenaries were using to travel. As i mentioned before, all crosses on churches were replaced with cresents, that’s not all they did to their churches though. The churches became yet another way to kill off the “infidels”, they stuffed as many greeks inside as they

The Ottoman Empire was actually known as “the sick man of Europe” because of its constant military and territorial losses, and the Young Turks felt it was their duty to save it. Some Young Turks wanted to keep the empire out of foreign control “through democracy… and modernization; [but] other Young Turks were intent on creating a more unified Turkish state with a Turkish national identity and a unified Turkish language and culture.” By 1908, the Young Turks had officially gained power over the Ottoman Empire. The formal name for the Young Turk’s political organization was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). The CUP had enough power to force the sultan to give the empire a constitutional government. After about a year, the sultan was removed from power and a younger and much weaker sultan was placed in power. Even though that sultan was weak, he still had supporters and people in high political offices; so, the Young Turks still overthrew him in a violent coup d’état in 1912. The Young Turks believed that that line of sultans had led to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire and they wanted to raise it back up. Once the Young Turks aka CUP was in power, everyone could see that their division in ideals was going to lead them into a place of turmoil. Some wanted democracy and others wanted a dictatorship. The group in favor of a dictatorship eventually won. This group lasted from about 1913-1918. The Young Turks believed in secularism, which means they wanted

During the 15th century, Armenia was taken under control by the Ottoman Empire. Armenians thrived under Ottoman control because they had better education and were wealthier, but the Christians had to pay higher taxes and the Ottoman Empire realized that they were beginning to become more loyal to Christian governments, like Russia’s. The Ottoman Empire was mostly ruled by Muslims (“The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy”). Hamid II wanted to show the Armenians and he ordered the soldiers to sack Armenian villages, cities and massacred their citizens. Young Turks were a group of reform-minded Turkey nationalists and overthrew Hamid II, trying to establish a better government (“Armenians in Turkey 1915-1918”). Since they were nationalists and Muslim, they wanted any Christian non-turks gone. There were three main Young Turks that rose to dictatorial powers. They were called the “ Three Pashas “ (Talaat, Enver, and Djemal).

The Armenians were convinced that they will finally be as equal as the Turkish Muslims.Unfortunately for the Armenians, three of the Young Turks seized control of the government in 1913. Their goal was to unite all Turkic in the region, while expanding Turkey's borders eastward across The Caucasus all the way to Central Asia (“United Human Rights Council”). However, the Armenians were the only ethnic group in between them and the nationalist Turks wanted to get rid of them all (“Armenian Genocide”). When World War I broke out, the Young Turks believed it was the perfect opportunity to solve the “Armenian Question” once and for

The main goal of these reforms was to move the non-Muslims from an inferior national to a full subject of the Empire. The thought was that if the Sultan gave his minority subjects more rights, per say, than they would not form a separatist movement. Or worse the subjects separatist movement lobby international support; for example, in the Greek national movement in 1821. The Greeks were assisted by France, Romanov Russia, and The United Kingdom. In this way two causes for the Armenian genocide interweave. At the same time as nationalistic centrifugal forces are pulling the Empire apart, Europe is sticking their hands in Ottoman internal affairs. The Tanzimat Reforms were really a failure, and did not promote equal citizenship among citizens. Nor

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is known as a very important idealist in Turkey, which had become an idol for Turks. One of the most important reasons he was that crucial for Turkey was that him being a nationalist founder and leader, and the first president of the Turkish Republic. Ataturk was born in Salonika (then known as the Ottoman Empire), in 1881. The real truth is that, Ataturk, still being at his young ages, started to think about making reforms for his country and society, and eventually had reached his goals making Turkey a 'free' and 'civilized' country, by also being the first president of Turkey. There are several policies and revolutions of Ataturk, which make him a really known, loved, and respected person worldwide, such as Republicanism,

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (March 12, 1881 - November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He was born in the Ottoman city of Selânik (now Thessaloniki in Greece), where his birthplace is the Turkish Consulate and is also preserved as a museum. In accordance with the then prevalent Turkish custom, he was given the single name Mustafa. His father, Ali Riza (Efendi) was a customs officer who died when Mustafa was a child, his mother was Zübeyde (Hanim).