Gideon's Trumpet

     On the night of June 3, 1961, Clearance Gideon broke into a pool room and smashed a cigarette machine and a juke box, taking some money from both and cigarettes. Later that morning a witness reported seeing Gideon break into the pool hall. The police found him a few hours later with a pint of wine and some spare

In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to

They fled to an area protected by partisans, a resistance military group fighting against the Nazis. Unfortunately, shortly after he met the partisans, his mom and sister died in an ambush, gunned down by machine guns in front of Gideon. The partisan freedom fighters rescued Gideon and bravely, he kept his head up and kept pushing on to stay alive. The partisans were trying to protect Gideon because of Gideon’s father’s position. Gideon could not stay in the winter forest, so the partisans found a farmer who took Gideon in and protected him. Gideon had patience because he patiently waited for his dad who was a very important Rabbi and was finally reunited with his dad after a year and a half.

Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested on April 12, 1963, in Birmingham, for protesting without a permit. The same day that King was arrested, a letter was written and signed by eight clergymen from Birmingham and titled “A Call for Unity”. The letter called for ending demonstrations and civil activities and indicated King as an “outsider”. On April 16, 1963, King responded to their letter with his own call, which has come to be known as his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” King justified the nonviolent measures that sent him to jail and explained why the segregation laws against blacks in the south must be changed (356-371). At the beginning of this letter, King gives

King. On March 9, 1969, before coming to trial, he entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to ninety-nine years in the Tennessee State Penitentiary. In recent years, events in the lives of the King family have continued to reflect the tragedy and the triumph so uniquely combined in Dr. King's own life and is intrinsic, perhaps, in the lives of all dedicated persons the world over. (Intellectual Properties Management)

Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963), the U.S. Supreme court unanimously ruled that the states are required under the Sixth Amendment to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent indigent defendants who are unable to afford to pay for their own attorneys. Gideon extended the right to counsel and enforced its requirements upon the states under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In addition to the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights, the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963) also stands as precedent to guarantee indigent defendants charged with serious offenses the right to court-appointed attorney at the government’s expense. The ruling in Gideon established the principle “that every man, the rich, the poor, and poor as well as rich, is entitled to the benefit of counsel” (Fortas,

On the morning of January 8th 1962, the Supreme Court received mail from prisoner 003826 of Florida State Prison, also known as Clarence Earl Gideon. In the envelope contained a hand written letter with questionable grammar from Gideon claiming that he was denied a fair trial due to the absence of a lawyer. Gideon’s writ of certiorari was an in forma pauperis petition or pauper’s petition. Due to the fact that most paupers’ petitions are from inmates who do not have the legal means to properly file a certiorari, the Court had special methods of handling cases such as Gideon’s. Paupers’ petitions according to Justice Frankfurter were “almost unintelligible and certainly do not present a clear statement of issues necessary

were entitled to freedom by virtue. (Lawson, 1987, 21-29) Shortly after this he was found in court getting tried

I was eventually captured on October 30, 1831 and I was represented by a lawyer named Thomas R. Gray who wrote down my confession. I pleaded not guilty during my trial because I believed my rebellion was the work of God. But, I was sentenced to death by hanging, and my sentence was carried out on November 11, 1831, and many of my coconspirators met the same fate as me. In the 1960s I became an important icon to the black power movement as an example of an African American standing up against white

He then started to get himself in to trouble with the police when he was arrested for highway robbery, but was released when

Montgomery was not retried after his first trial for six years. In 1937, Montgomery, along with four other defendants, had all rape and assault charges dropped against them.

The novel, titled “Gideon's Trumpet” by Anthony Lewis is about an older man in his fifties. His name was Clarence Earl Gideon and he asked the supreme court to change its mind. In 1961 He was falsely accused of breaking into a local pool house and stealing a small amount of money,some liquor and Coca-cola; being poor, he was not able to hire an attorney to help guide him through the process and defend him in court. When he appeared in the Florida state court on the day of his trial, he asked the court to assist him, by appointing a lawyer to his case because he could not afford one himself. The judge denied him of the request and informed him why he was denied, however Gideon still felt as though he was wronged because he believed it would

Two world wars and a depression passed before they opened again and spit him out

Even though he never killed anyone. Gideon never knew that the war was fake at the time though.

in the 14th to 15th century the trumpet required its folding from. During this time, it was referred to as natural trumpet and produced harmonic tonic followed by the tromba de tirarsi emerged, an instrument that was fitted with a single slide on the mouth pipe to create a chromatic scale. This instrument gave the idea of the trumpet to have a single slide scale as well.