Glaucoma And Closed Angle Glaucoma

Elevated internal eye pressures – if the intraocular pressure is higher than normal then you’ll find yourself at an increased risk of developing glaucoma.

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by blocked blood flow to the eye, causing ischemia or increased permeability of the blood vessels in the eye. Macular edema is caused by swelling in the eye due to the increased permeability, and both of these are common causes of vision loss of those with diabetes. Some factors that can be seen in the retina from a fundoscopic exam that can cause these issues (all of which were detected in our patient), are micro-aneurysms, intrarenal hemorrhages, and hard exudates. All three of these can disrupt the blood-retinal barrier, causing issues with blood flow and swelling. Additionally, lipids and proteins both play important roles in the eye, and if there is improper breakdown of these molecules, they can make deposits in the outer layer eye. The more deposits (hard exudates) a patient has, the larger affect it can have on their vision.

Glaucoma is an eye disorder that cause severe blindness. There are multiple types of Glaucoma however, they all have something to do with damage to the optic nerve (usually form high eye pressure) that sends and receives information to the brain form the eye. Glaucoma can be a very dangerous disease although it is no fatal but it can contribute to the failure of one of the bodies most important senses which is blindness. In most cases, glaucoma is correlated with high pressure inside the eye (ocular hypertension),but it also can occur when intraocular pressure (IOP) is normal. If left untreated glaucoma first causes peripheral vision loss and eventually leads to total blindness.

Glaucoma is several eye conditions that can damage to your optic nerve. Increased pressure in the eye can cause glaucoma, which leads to vision loss or blindness (Healthline). There are five different types of glaucoma, which are open-angle (chronic) glaucoma, angle-closure (acute) glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and normal-tension glaucoma (Healthline). Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma, and there are no signs or symptoms expect gradual vision loss (Healthline). People that over sixty years old are at risk for glaucoma, and African Americans risk starts at forty years old. There is no cure for glaucoma, but surgeries and medicine can help

In the words of Allan Ray, an American professional basketball player who suffered from impaired vision, “I faced the odds when glaucoma took the ball out of my hands. I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again: ‘It may be cloudy in my right eye, but the sun is shining very brightly in my left eye.’” The significance of this quote explains Ray’s traumatic experience in coping with an eye disease called glaucoma. Diagnosed at an early age, Ray accepted the fact that this severe disease will never leave him alone. Glaucoma is an eye condition that people should fear because it is the second leading cause of blindness. It is considered “the silent thief of sight” because the vision loss happens slowly over time, and that particular factor

Do you know what the leading cause of blindness is in Americans from ages 20 to 74? It is diabetes an illness that changes the way the body breaks down and absorbs sugars. These changes, doctors feel, take away oxygen that the retina needs. (The retina is the back layer of the eye and it is where sharp images are formed.) When this happens’ some small blood vessels may become weak and break, vision problems occur when this blood leaks into the areas around the retina. Diabetes can also cause glaucoma and cataracts. Glaucoma is a disease that causes a lot of pressure in the eye because too much fluid builds up. Cataracts, on the other hand, cloud the lens of the eye and this makes a person feel like he or she is looking through a grimy window.

Some people who are at higher risk or developing glaucoma are, Mexican Americans, African Americans over the age of 40 and anyone over the age of 60. A good way to check if you are at risk is to visit the eye doctor and have them perform a comprehensive dilated eye exam. The optometrists will often perform tests such as visual acuity tests, this checks how far one can see. A visual field test is also performed which tests ones peripheral vision. the optometrists also do a tonometry test which is an assessment on eye pressure which is particularly important in detecting glaucoma. They can check the thickness of ones cornea through a test called pachymetry. Most doctors prescribe specific eye drops to those who are at high risk of developing glaucoma, these drops usually reduce the chance of developing glaucoma by about

Glaucoma is caused when fluid is overproduced and it can't flow out at its normal rate which causes pressure to build up.

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure, resulting in atrophy of the optic nerve. (Venes, D. 2013) This disease is known to gradually cause the loss of peripheral vision which can eventually lead to total blindness. Glaucoma is the third most prevalent cause of visual impairment and blindness in the U.S, although the incidence of blindness is decreasing due to early detection and treatment. (Venes, D. 2013) Glaucoma comes in two major categories: closed-angle glaucoma, and open-angle glaucoma. (Holistic Nursing Practice, Vol. 24)

Furthermore, a research conducted by Harizman et al. (2006) suggested that the inferior, superior, nasal and temporal (ISNT) rule is a helpful method in the diagnosis of glaucoma and risk evaluation during practice. Based on this rule, it is thought that the inferior rim is always thicker than the superior rim followed by nasal rim and lastly the temporal rim is the thinnest (Bourne, 2006).

In these cases, the angle between the iris and the cornea is too small, which results in the build up of aqueous fluid pressure that pushes the iris forward blocking the trabecular meshwork causing increased intraocular pressures. LPI helps open up the angle to increase fluid outflow and lower the pressure. For patients with narrow angle glaucoma this is also a preventative measure to stop the development of acute narrow angle glaucoma attacks, which present with pain, high intraocular pressure and loss of vision within a couple of days if left untreated. During LPI a a very minute hole is made with the laser beam in the superior periphery of the iris the coloured part of the eye. This helps open up the narrow angle so the aqueous humor can flow forward through the new hole (Chen 2003). The end result is re-balancing the pressure between the posterior and anterior chambers and letting the iris go back to a more plantar position that takes pressure off the trabecular

The first, and more common is open-angle glaucoma. What causes open-angle glaucoma is the tissue that drains liquid from the eye becomes blocked to where the fluid cannot be drained which then increases your eye pressure. Doctors still don’t know what causes this blockage, but they have found that it can be inherited. This increased eye pressure then leads to

Differential diagnoses : -Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), myasthenia gravis, thyroid eye disease, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia,skew deviation, parinaud syndrome, idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome. 4 Danger and referral: complete pupil involving/relative pupil involving CN3 palsy is an emergency and mass or aneurysm needs to be ruled out as it can be fatal. 4, Hence refer immediately to neurologist for CNS imaging.4 This also applies to patients with pupil sparing palsies who are younger than 50 (unless long term diabetes/hypertension) or with progression/additional CN/neurologic defects or with incomplete palsies as this may turn into a pupil involving palsy (closely monitor

The most frequent ocular complications reported for all the AVM groups, are: vascular occlusions, aneurysm formation, intraretinal haemorrhage, exudation and cystoid macular oedema. Furthermore, neovascular glaucoma and open angle glaucoma have been described as a result of a retinal central vein occlusion [1].

These characteristics of the glaucoma patient can progress to blindness. Regularly, glaucoma and its treatment have been closely connected with intraocular pressure. In normal tension glaucoma, damage to the optic nerve occurs without any increase in intraocular pressure. Normal tension glaucoma most often occurs in the elderly and can lead to loss of sight and significant disability. Numerous studies indicate that glaucoma patients have altered retinal circulation. Extensive morphological studies describe endothelial proliferations in the retinal vessels of glaucoma patients. [Charlson2011] In study [Evans1999] Evans et al. assert that glaucoma patients demonstrate faulty autoregulation in the retina during posture change: their CRA response to posture variation shows no change. The CRA directly feeds and is the only source of blood supply for the retinal arteries. These distal vessels nourish the retinal ganglion cells and the confluence of unmyelinated nerve fibers anterior to the lamina