Glioma Outline

Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with radiation. Radiotherapy is used when the entire primary tumor cannot be surgically removed. Radiotherapy deposits energy

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

Observation is the most widely available examination for the detection of cancer. It is useful in identifying suspicious lesions in the skin, lip, mouth, larynx, external genitalia and cervix. The second most available detection procedure is palpation. It is particularly valuable in detecting lumps, nodules, or tumors in the breast, mouth, salivary glands, thyroid, subcutaneous tissues, anus, rectum, prostate, testes, ovaries and uterus and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, axilla or groin.

It is the use of high-powered x-rays that destroy tumor cells. A radiation oncologist is the doctor who specializes in radiation therapy. There are two types of radiation therapy: 1.) external-beam radiation which is given from a machine outside the body and 2.) internal radiation which is given using implants. The external-beam radiation therapy is much more common than internal radiation. It can be directed at the tumor in many ways such as conventional radiation therapy, 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. Choosing one of these techniques depends on the size and location of the

Grade four glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of malignant brain tumor. It is caused by a chromosome defect and specific gene mutation that leads to uncontrolled growth of certain brain cells. (Foundation, 2017) GBM begins in the brain and is the most aggressive type of cancer. The cancer usually reoccurs even with maximum treatment. Grade four glioblastoma multiforme survival rate following the diagnosis is in a 12-15 month range. Most people don’t survive longer than five years after diagnosis; even with treatment. Without treatment, survival is typically 3 months. (Foundation, 2017) Symptoms of GBM are severe. Symptoms of the disease hemiparesis, nausea, vomiting, headache, memory loss, and seizures. The most dominant symptoms are progressive memory, personality, or neurological deficit, due to temporal and frontal lobe involvement. With GBM the symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor, and its pathological properties. (Foundation, 2017)

Glioma is a tumor that occurs in the brain and different parts of the nervous system including the spinal cord that comes from glial cells. Glial cells are brain cells that turns into tumors. There are many types of gliomas and each type has different symptoms. Determining the type of glioma tumor depends on the location of the

Cancer is a disease that is caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a form of metastasis, or cancer, that affects the brain. The brain is the control center of the body that interprets information from the rest of the body. This information includes scents, sounds, tastes, and pain. The brain also controls all of the vital operations such as hormones, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and breathing. It makes sure that the

Grade I and II astrocytomas are the low grade tumors, meaning they are slower progressing tumors and they are benign. Grade III and IV are the high grade, faster progressing, more aggressive, tumors and they are malignant. The high grade astrocytomas attacks surrounding normal tissue making it hard to decipher; making a complete resection nearly impossible (Killela, 2015). High grade astrocytomas are rare and are the most harmful form of glioma. In most cases they can be fatal.

With the advancement of medicine, diagnosing breast cancer is much easier now than it was before. Mammograms are a very common way of diagnosing breast cancer. A mammogram takes x-rays of the breasts and checks for any abnormalities in the breast. A breast ultrasound is also another way of diagnosing breast cancer. “Ultrasounds use sound waves to produce images of structures deep within the body”.(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education .) The only way to be sure that a patient 's lump is cancerous or not, is by performing a biopsy. During the procedure doctors take cells from the affected area and test them to see if they are cancerous. The biopsy also determines the aggressiveness of the cancer, and what type of treatment would be the best for the patient 's type of cancer. Not all patients can receive the same form of treatment.

Bone scans and x-rays -- these tests look for spread of cancer to the bones.

However, treatments aim to: relieve pain and symptoms, improve quality of life, and prolong survival. Treatment depends on the patient's medical and personal situations. It generally includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Surgery is typically the first stage of treatment for patients with glioblastomas. This may allow for the removal of the tumor tissue to relieve pressure in the brain. Radiation Therapy may be recommended after surgery for some glioblastomas. It may also be necessary to treat glioblastomas when surgery is deemed unsafe or is not recommended for another reason. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are typically the recommended course of treatment for nearly all glioblastomas. Several chemotherapy drugs taken orally are available to manage the symptoms of

The symptoms of a brain tumor in the adults can be general or specific. One of the most common or general symptoms caused as a result of the pressure made by the tumor on the brain or spinal cord of a person. Some symptoms are caused because of improper functioning of a particular part of the brain due to tumor.

Brain tumors are devastating depending on their malignancy and also their propensity to cause neurological deficits which may cause permanent disability. Malignant brain tumors can occur at all ages [1-2] and are associated with poor prognosis. Surgery forms the mainstay of treatment for brain tumors [2-5]. It is well known that significant tumor decompression is associated with a relatively favourable prognosis [6-10].

To detect if a patient or someone has developed skin cancer, a doctor must carefully examine their body. The doctor needs to spot the growths, moles, and dry patches to see if any changes had appeared. In order to get a better look, the dermatologists use a tool called a dermascope. This device is used to reflect light on the skin. It expands the skin allowing the doctor to be exposed to the different layers and tincture of the skin. If the doctor detects skin irregularities, the doctor can remove it or at least some small parts. The extra skin cells will be sent off to a laboratory in order to run tests on the substance. This is called a biopsy. A biopsy can be a diagnostic method to see if someone has skin cancer. This is very crucial step because without a biopsy it is impossible to seek clarification.

Physicians do tests to see if cancer has moved to another organ from where it started, if this happens, it is called