Global Atmosphere Assignment Essay

Air pollution situation is created by the release of pollutants into the air .These substances are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole. When air becomes contaminated or polluted, it becomes hazard to humankind and other living species on the earth. The use of energy and different forms of gaseous emissions is the reason for air pollution. According to John Walke, director of the Clean Air Project, part of the Climate and Clean Air program at NRDC. “Burning fossil fuels releases gases and chemicals into the air.” Air pollutants are identified as an indicator of air quality are nitrogen oxides (NO2), sulphur oxides (SO2), carbon monoxides (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10) and lead (Pb). SO2, NO2, CO and PM10. These are well recognized as sources emitted from the combustion of fuels used in power and desalination plants (Brunekreef, B., & Holgate, S. T.,2002).

Did you know many upper respiratory diseases such as asthma and others diseases like cataracts and skin cancer are aggravated by air pollution. The NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) states that “the following air pollutants are common triggers of asthma, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.” Air pollution is the presence in or introduction into the air of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

Apparently, Ozone is a lung-searing gas, which brings irritations in the airways causing respiratory problems (Kim, et al. 137). In California, both ozone and particulate matters have increased the heart and respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung diseases, bronchitis and heart problems for both children and adults. Nevertheless, some of this other harmful gas such as Carbon(II) Oxide, Nitrogen(IV) Oxide, and Sulphur(IV) oxide has also brought about cardiovascular

What about children’s lungs? Nitrogen oxides, which are emitted from smokestacks, are known to irritate the respiratory tract. They also react with other pollutants to produce ozone, which is a key component of smog. And hazy, smoggy, ozone-filled air is just terrible for kids with asthma. There is particulate matter, especially the tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers, which studies show can trigger asthma attacks. Children are especially vulnerable because they tend to breathe through their mouths, which means less filtering of pollutants by nose hair; they tend to hang out more outside, where levels of these pollutants are usually higher; and they run around a lot, which means they take in more nasty stuff and inhale it deep into their

According to EPA (2016), air pollutants, especially fine particles (<2.5μm), can cause health risks to respiratory systems of both humans and animals. These pollutants can contribute to the formation of acid rain, damage vegetation, deplete nutrients in soil, contribute to cloud formation and affect climate, and reduce visibility. In addition, secondary pollutants can travel large distances from their point of formation, thus they can be a cause of concern for distant areas. Fortunately, as stated by Middlebrook et al. (2011), the DWH Oil spill had a limited impact on air quality due to the distance from

For these early-arrange patients, the danger of death from any cause amid the study time frame was 30 percent more noteworthy with presentation to nitrogen dioxide, 26 percent higher with introduction to vast particulate matter and 38 percent greater with fine particulate matter, the study found.

The problems that develop from this is bad lung function. This condition is affecting many people and diagnosed as asthma. It prevents people from strenuous activity because they can catch their breath. All the chemicals that are in the air affect our genome as well. Which will cause deficiency in our immune system. This will put us at risk for developing other disease not just asthma. In the Gale database “Asthma, heredity and air pollution” research shows that “air pollution exposure suppressed the immune system's regulatory T cells (Treg), and that the decreased level of Treg function was linked to greater severity of asthma symptoms and lower lung capacity” (“Asthma”). Therefore it affects everybody not just the people that have asthma. It has come to the point that they have a flag code to indicate how bad our air quality is. They indicate what days are safe for rigorous outside activity, moderate activity, or just be enclosed in your

The Clean Air Act enforces several programs that protect public health by regulating emission of hazardous air pollutants. These programs focus on many factors designed to improve public health and the environment. One focus includes the reduction of outdoor air pollutants that are responsible for causing acid rain, haze, smog, and other issues. Another requires the progressive elimination of production and use of chemicals proven responsible for depletion of the stratospheric ozone. The CAA also aims to reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants that are suspected or known to cause detrimental health effects, including asthma and cancer. The most serious health risks are associated with two of the six common pollutants: particles and ozone. The efforts of the CAA have led to drastic improvements in the levels of these two pollutants. Between 1980 and 2012, the EPA found that national concentrations of ozone improved by 25%. Particle concentrations began being measured in 2000, and it was found that between 2000 and 2012, fine particle concentrations improved 37% and coarse particle concentrations improved 27% (2015). Due to these improvements, Americans inhale lower amounts of dangerous pollutants, which led to the prevention of 205,000 premature deaths solely in the year 1990 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Epidemiologic studies have determined that the following are the major air pollutants contributing to respiratory diseases: sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM) less than 10 mm and less than 2. 5 mm in diameter (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively) (Baldi et al., 1999; Chew et al., 1999; McConnell et al., 1999; McDonnell et al., 1999; Neukirch et al., 1998; Ostro et al., 1998; Sheppard et al., 1999; Taggart et al., 1996). Particulate matter is the product of solid and liquid particles being directly emitted into the air from such things as diesel engine soot, road and agricultural dust, and manufacturing processes, while SO2, NO2, and O3, are predominately byproducts of fuel combustion.

Ambient particulate matter was collected from urban Sacramento using a filtered air suction blower system

A widely studied area in the impacts aviation has is researching air quality. There are two areas which have been getting a lot of attention and becoming more important relating to air quality. The first area is known as fine particulate matter (PM). PM is known as an air pollutant containing tiny particles floating in the air, sometimes creating a foggy, hazy look in the air. Compared to NOx, another compound found in emissions, PM is known to be a greater impact (Waitz, Townsend, Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Greitzer, Kerrebrock, 2004). One challenge the aviation industry is trying to overcome is measuring the PM caused by aircraft and PM caused by outside factors non-aviation related. There are currently no uniformly accepted methods for measuring both the PM and PM precursors from

PM2.5 fine inhalable combustion particles connecting this to serious health problem including cardiovascular disease, aggravation of respiratory and premature deaths. PM10 standard to protection against the effect of dust, pollen, mold, etc. exposure to coarse particles (epa.gov). 1) Primary standard (health-based) and secondary-standard (welfare-based) protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, including the health of at-risk population/pre-existing condition. 2) Secondary standard (welfare-based) protection public welfare (the state of doing well) from adverse effects, including visibility impairment and known or anticipated on the environment.

Nitrogen Oxides (Nox) are common air pollutants that can be found in cigarette smokes, vehicle exhausts, and smog. They are a group og gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. They can cause difficult breathing, throat spasms, and fluid build ups in the lungs. Nitrogen dioxides are proven to be dangerous to pregnant women because they

The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them:

The two types of air pollutants I select for this discussion are carbon dioxide and ozone (or what is referred to as ground-level ozone). While carbon dioxide can be regarded a primary pollutant, ground-level ozone remains a secondary pollutant. Primary air pollutants according to the World Health Organization - WHO (2006) "are those that are emitted into the atmosphere from a source such as a factory chimney or exhaust pipe"¦" On the other hand, secondary pollutants according to the WHO (2006) "are those formed within the atmosphere itself." As WHO further points out, secondary air pollutants are a consequence of reactions (chemical) of those pollutants regarded primary. Carbon dioxide is considered a primary pollutant as it is emitted directly from its source, i.e. via vehicle exhaust pipe, etc. In basic terms, carbon dioxide as the World Health Organization (2006) points out is a product of the incomplete combustion of fuels containing carbon. Ground-level ozone is largely a product of the reaction between primary pollutants and sunlight.