Global Emissions In Sub-Saharan Africa

One of the most challenging parts of this assignment involved actually figuring out what we should do. None of our group members had any expertise in environmental or climate policy, and all of us had fairly limited background knowledge on climate change. Our inspiration for the project came from one of our class readings, The Climate Casino. In order to achieve the 2°C targets, all countries must participate, which proves to be incredibly challenging with numerous countries possessing limited resources.(cite) Although this task was daunting, the idea of figuring out how to bring down the carbon emissions in developing countries intrigued us. Eventually we focused our ideas so that “developing countries” became Nigeria, and Nigeria became Lagos, Nigeria.

The effect of all this excess extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is that the overall temperature of the planet is increasing (global warming). Whilst the average global temperature is increasing, on a day-to-day level the climate is changing in unpredictable ways. To try and reduce the risk of continued adverse effects we need to reduce how much fossil fuel we are burning. Australia is currently has the highest CO2 emissions per capita. Figure 1 shows a graphical comparison to all the other developed countries and how Australia is lacking severely behind in terms of CO2 emissions.

The author analyses the processes that have led to increased greenhouse gas emissions and seeks to find out why.

In the face of climate change Sub-Saharan Africa is confronted by two main challenges of food security and water availability for human and agricultural use. These challenges are projected to increase in the coming years compounded by extreme droughts and extreme flooding in some areas. Rain-fed agriculture is the main livelihood for a majority of small scale farmers in SSA. Their main farming systems focus on the “ major crops”(maize, wheat, rice and beans) However, strategies to cultivate these crops in the region are no longer sustainable due to reliability on finite resources, high input load and vulnerability to climate change. A key alternative strategy to adapt to a changing climate is the development and promotion of Orphan crop species

Besides, an analysis published in scientific journals by climate scientists about anthropogenic global warming agrees, “97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming” (Cook, 2013). In other words, scientists agree that global temperatures are affected by human activities. For instance, Nigeria, the largest oil producer in Africa, is an example of how the burning of the oil affects the climate, increasing the emission of CO2. Therefore, affecting the health and the living conditions of the people in Nigeria. The burning of the oil produces CO2, in this case man-made gas, to a point that pollutes the air and develops droughts in Nigeria. Even though Nigeria is rich in oil, the

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2) have increased by almost 50 per cent since 1990

Global warming and climate change attributed to increased emission of greenhouse gases have continued to be pressing issues in today’s society since they threaten the stability of the climate, population, and economy of the world (“Meeting the Energy Challenge”, 2007). The challenges associated with global warming and climate change is attributed to the fact that 75 percent of world’s carbon dioxide

Our company's name is GenetiFoods. We aim to create and distribute safe, genetically modified foods and products which are economical in many ways. Our 3 founders (Kelsey Richard, Jovan Hubbard, and Cedetra Tranchant) all come from very different backgrounds. However, we all had one common dream: to allow people a better life. They understood that certain places in the world were not afforded the same opportunists based on their geographical habitat. Food, above all else was being affected by this.

Global warming has been a controversial topic for years and some have even denied its existence; however, as more studies are being published every day in regards to our changing climate, it is hard to ignore this growing issue and how humans contribute to it. The term greenhouse gases refers to the group of gases that are primarily responsible for global warming and chief among these gases is carbon dioxide. Rising carbon dioxide levels can be attributed to a combination of burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum as well as deforestation in general ( Source A). To slow the effects of global warming, it is important for leaders in our society to consider their greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, and make

The sustainability of Africa in her ancient existence is not debatable as her subjects flourished in joy, happiness, unity and stability characterized with political stability, economic growth, and social stability; her subjects were Africa traditional religion conscious as they patronized spiritualism keened to the Africa culture. Africa in ancient times experienced orderliness in all her spheres as the hierarchical status of societal personnels was regarded, respected and honoured by the subjects. Furthermore, the ancient Africa entity was in possession of unique and numerous natural and mineral resources that aided her sustainable living. They had immense manpower, technocrats, artists, business tycoons as well as traditional herbs that

20% of the populations living in the developed world produce about 75% of the CO2, but as these countries develop they are passing the developed world in CO2 emissions.

Between 1990-91 and 1995-96, total fossil fuel subsidies in 14 developing countries that account for 25 percent of global carbon emissions from industrial sources declined 45 percent, from $60 billion to about $33 billion)…Within the past six years, India, Mexico, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil also cut fossil fuel subsidies significantly…Many developing countries are also actively promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy.

1. Energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa varies dominates fuel consumption. According to reports the use of wood for fuel is predominant in both rural and urban locations and accounts for approximately 70% of total energy use. This is done by cutting down trees which raises another environmental issue - deforestation. In Sub-Sahara region of Africa, Nigeria consistently leads the commercial energy consumption. Infact, according to data in 2001, Nigeria consumed 32% of all energy consumed in the region. Although domestic demand for energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa is growing rapidly, consumption levels remain well below world averages. Africa is home to one of the world's largest rain forests. The

The Direct impacts of global warming are both affecting the air space and human beings and animals on the Earth including the plants, river, sea, and ocean The seasonal floods accomplishing the rainfall, have caused a lot of social disasters, to people, many Houses destroyed, shops of high commercial values lost in the inferno and sometimes carried people and goods away to unknown locations, resulting in sudden death. According Huber article on World Vision, the worst disasters in 2015 was the flood in Chennai, India killing 379 people, 100,000 acres of crops worth almost $190 million were destroyed as well (Huber, 2015). Nigeria has also been affected drastically by flood. Nigeria has two seasons; the dry and raining season, which has been effected by global warming causing excessive flooding occurring now in the south south, south west and north. According to Prevention Web (2016), a website which serves information needs of disaster reduction community; flood is the most frequent disaster in Nigeria and the most economical disaster Nigeria is facing. The Database shows, flood occurrences between the years 1990-2014 is 75% or more than extreme temperature, landslide or storm (Prevention Web, 2014) resulting in deaths and loss in farmlands.

Climate change is a global concern and Africa is particular vulnerable to its impacts. Therefore, climate change mitigation is key in maintaining a global average surface temperature below a 2oC increase and avoiding the devastating effects as a result of global climate change. South Africa is a Party to the UNFCCC (1992) and is obliged to plan and implement national programmes to mitigate climate change (Rahlao et al., 2012). At the United Nations Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (199) the South African government pledged to reduce national GHG emissions by 34% below business as usual (BAU) by 2020 (Rahlao et al., 2012). The primary source of South Africa’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the energy sector. The energy sector contributes approximately 78% of the GHG emissions in South Africa. (Rahlao et al., 2012). The remainder 22% originates from non-energy emissions. Non-energy emissions include emissions produced by agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) (6%), waste (2%) or industrial processes and product use (14%) that do not require fossil fuel combustion (Rahlao et al., 2012). Long term mitigation actions must apply to both the energy supply and use and as well as non-energy emissions (Letete et al., n.d.)