Haiti: A Case Study

The Columbian Exchange was a region of trade that occurred during period of biological and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic states. Exchanges of culture, ideas, diseases, slaves and technology transformed European and Native American societies. beginning in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of European expansion and exploration. The Columbian Exchange affected the social and cultural aspects of the old and new world. Advancements in agricultural production, development of warfare, increased mortality rates and education are a few examples of the effect of the Columbian Exchange on both Europeans and Native Americans

In the documentary Life and Debt, it is explained through the stories of local people, the economic and social crisis of Jamaica. With Jamaica receiving mandatory loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1977 because of lack of alternatives, Jamaica was promised meaningful development. Unfortunately, this only made the situation worse because of the extreme policies and foreign economic agendas that came with the loans, forcing Jamaica into even further debt. Therefore, it is my opinion that it is because of the policies and greed of the IMF and The World Bank that came along with the loans, that Jamaica is currently 4.5 billion dollars in debt.

The Columbian Exchange brought diseases in the two countries and was also the forerunner for eliminating Native Americans in North America, but Europe acquired new ways to develop their economy further than what it already was. This discovery was what led to Europe's powers early on in the 1400’s. Europe's discoveries led to the modernization of cultures along with great societies such as the New World, which became the country it is today.

The encounter is a term used to describe the collision when Europeans came into contact with indigenous Americans in 1492. The encounter had many demographic, social, and political effects on Europe and the Americas. The Europeans discovered the Americas when in search of gold and glory and they set up forced labor systems. After the initial encounter, the Native Americans and Europeans began to exchange ideas, crops and goods. Through these ideas of mercantilism the Columbian exchange developed. The Columbian exchange was an international exchange of food, disease, and manufactured products. The encounter had many positive and negative impacts on both regions. In 1492 the encounter between the Americas and the Europeans developed. These two regions differed in their population were differently affected. The Europeans population greatly increased due to the influx of food they received because through trade with afro Eurasia. The Native Americans population greatly decreased because the Europeans introduced many new diseases when they conquered the Americas. These two regions were similar in that due to the encounter economic prosperity between both regions increased due to trade and businesses flourishing. The encounter had a greater long last impact on Europe than the Americas because its economic and demographic impacts outweighed the Americas impacts.

How does global trade make us more interdependent? Global trade makes us more interdependent by the impacts of finance, trade, investment, technology and migration. Also, economic, social and environmental impacts. They affect the formulation and implementation of policies at the national, regional and global levels. Among significant impacts is the reduction in the degree of national autonomy in policymaking and the resulting need to better harmonize national policy formulation with international obligations, commitments and compulsions.

59 percent of Haitian live in poverty and do not have their basic necessities. The Giver is a novel that was read as a class and also the article "Haiti in Crisis". In The Giver the people live in a utopia and have a perfect and happy life. The people who live in The Giver's community have a complicated free life and do not have to deal with the world problems. In the article "Haiti in Crisis" by Bryan Brown and Patricia Smith it explains how Haiti is a very unfavorable place and they are trying to rebuild from the horrific things that has happened in their past.

As a developing nation, Haiti relies on international aid organizations to deliver some basic services and necessities that the government is not able to. In the wake of the 2010 earthquake and the subsequent cholera outbreak, Haiti needed aid organizations more than ever, so much so that the aid community unintentionally gained political power. Recently, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stalled an economic aid package bound for Haiti due to the postponement of elections. The IMF did not think it was prudent to disburse aid to an interim government with little to no experience expending aid and the World Bank and the Inter-American Dialogue Bank have taken similar stances.

The United States measure social mobility through inequality or intergenerational mobility in drawing the poverty line. It possibly plays out in a downward or upward social mobility depending on the effort one makes to refrain from status inconsistency. A couple of factors: education, feminization of poverty, family life, physical health, mental health, old age, and winnings can decrease or increase one’s chances. Any social class life may change through exchange mobility to start with the higher the education level benefits the chances. Completing their college education ensures better employment and higher pay grades. How I envision myself in 10 years in an upward social mobility. Accomplishing my goal having my degree in physcology ensures

Foreign trade, historically believed to be key in harming United States’ economy is becoming increasingly less threatening than robots and advanced technology in the workplace. This is not to say that the United States has not lost jobs to foreign trade, rather that mechanization of labor has recently taken a majority of jobs previously held by citizens. Despite this, many still discuss foreign trade as the main risk of global economic downfall, because it is relatively easy to “demonize the foreigner”, and more difficult to “demonize what everyone sees as technical progress”.The most at risk sector, manufacturing, has seen a 5 million job drop since 2000. In fact, a recent study determined that roughly 87% of manufacturing job losses between

It is not just the arbitrary concepts of capitalism which have a tendency to expand, under the Marxist understanding of the state, capitalist states will make foreign policy decisions for the benefit of global capitalism. The increased intervention by western states in the Marxist view is about the sole purpose of the expansion of capitalism in the search of profit for the companies, using the state as a mobiliser for action towards such an end. Mark Rupert brought forward a case study of such “imperialism” in action, in the case of the US. Global capitalist activities require huge amounts of energy, and the cheapest or most efficient form is petroleum. Despite not being a democracy and not practising equality, or respecting human rights, all core values to the US, Saudi Arabia remains one of the US’s closest allies. If the actions of the US abroad primarily concerned democracy promotion, human rights and core liberal values, this alliance does not make sense, but when you use a Marxist lens, and consider that alliances are about capitalism, you quickly understand why Saudi Arabia, a large producer of oil is a huge geopolitical ally of the US. This also applies to explaining enemies, for example Cuba and Qaddafi’s Libya. Cuba on the one hand is one of the few countries which still ideologically rejects capitalism as a form of organising society, which has resulted in a ban on all trade with Cuba. Alternatively, Qaddafi, who was the leader of an oil rich Libya for many years

Lending institutions like the IMF and World Bank, which are central to economic globalization, offer loans to developing countries with conditions. These conditions were set in order to “restore or maintain balance of payments’ viability and macroeconomic stability, while setting the stage for sustained, high quality growth,” according to the textbook. The conditions of the loans the IMF provided to Jamaica included deregulation policies. These policies eventually proved to be dysfunctional in the context of the Jamaican economy and hindered the

Problem: Working class Americans experience difficulties in finding work as labor intensive jobs are moved abroad. At the same time free trade is beneficial for the global economy as a whole. Here we can see a clash in interests as the interests of those in developing countries are protected as well by the WTO and free trade tends to be beneficial for the economy as a whole. However, the problem is that 20% of the prime male working population between the ages of 25-54 are unemployed and this number is around 35% of those who don’t have a high school diploma. For marginalized groups such as African American males the teen unemployment is over 40% and that of young black men from the ages of 16-24 is over 30%.

Global economy is the economy of the world, and is the international shipping of items and goods. Everyone in the world impacts and effects the global economy, whether you are aware or not. We, as students, can connect and impact the global economy through the things we buy and own by purchasing more items that were made in the United States.

One is to make the value of their dollar cheaper. The person from the IMF said it would help them increase the trade of the country. Another one is to reduce their trade. The IMF believed there were too small to be able to support them self. So, Jamaica was to decrease the amount they import and export. The problem Jamaica ended up facing was they were unable to compete with the world. The food they produce was small amount and more expensive compared to what the foreigner could make. Also Jamaica was told to decrease spending in some areas to help save money. The IMF would come up with a budget for them. In that they could only spend so much on health and education. In the long run with this being done, they had to cut education programs and were unable to build new

Apart from Mexico, another country that suffered from IMF and World Bank assistance is Haiti. In Haiti, the IMF and World Bank blocked the government from raising minimum wage and then demanded the privatization of profitable companies. The IMF also insisted that the government cut government services by half in spite of a national shortage of teachers and health care workers and infant mortality running at near 10%.