Global Navigation Satellite System and GPS Receivers

There is no longer a need to be a skilled map reader as GPS can provide directions anywhere to the most unskilled navigators, whether it be to a hospital for emergency treatment or a local point of interest for tourists and finds the shortest route16, making travel easier. GPS can also be used to track others16 which has made it far easier to find missing persons as with GPS becoming prevalent in phones and car, almost anyone can be tracked by one of these items. The impact of GPS on travel is unfathomable, it has made the method of navigation that was used for centuries almost obsolete and opened up the world to

A natural disaster has the capability to cause large scale damage and destruction to an area. Seismic events have been known to alter landscapes and affect the livelihoods, health and development of communities. No two earthquake events are the same and the level of threat posed by an earthquake can vary due to both the human and physical factors of an area. The 2010 magnitude - 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Haiti is an example of where a natural disaster caused a previously vulnerable area to suffer tremendous loss and debilitating socio-economic impacts, to an already poverty-stricken nation.

A natural hazard is a crisis that occurs naturally and brings harm to humans or things they care about.

Natural disaster currently has become a large part of US economy, from tornadoes, fire, floods and hurricanes. These natural disasters have lead to death of people but also a billion dollar damage to several cities or states. According to National center of Environmental Information, in 2015 there were at least ten weather disasters that lead to property damages exceeding one billion dollar across United States. The natural disasters are found in many ways, the one most famous is Hurricane Katrina and another Hurricane Sandy. These two hurricanes are Atlantic hurricanes, Hurricane Katrina hit the Southern States and Hurricane Sandy hit near Atlantic City affecting many eastern States. Although the two hurricanes have occurred in separate years, yet they have caused a lot of damage in large cities leaving thousands of people without home. Furthermore due to these natural disasters has questioned the government how to prepare for natural disaster in near future. The hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy are both consider Natural disaster that has lead to heavy damages but one has more devastating effect than the other.

Seismic events are occurrences in which energy is briefly released in the Earth's crust, resulting in a series of seismic waves which move through the crust. In some cases, the energy can be intense enough that it is felt in the form of an earthquake, while in other seismic events, the energy is so mild that it can only be identified with specialized equipment. A human disaster is an event directly and principally caused by one or more identifiable deliberate or negligent human action. Whereas a natural disaster is a natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane that causes great damage or loss

There have been great successes and failures over the years; however the prospect of a new paradigm for the future of hazard mitigation seems successful. There are a few more pieces in play now than ever before which will contribute to a prosperous future. A large part of this revolution has a lot to do with how vast our technology and information base is, especially with the internet. Journals and published works on emergency management are much more vast then they were 20, or even 10 years ago, and even more accessible. It’s considerably easier to collect, store and distribute information to researchers, government agencies and communities alike (Mileti, 1999). Technology also plays a great part during actual disasters as well. Geographic Information Systems has revolutionized data collection. GISs are computer based devices that manages cohesive digital maps that are connected electronically. GIS has been used to map, analyze and model almost every hazard possible and provides key data, like impact zones, rate of occurrences, etc

GPS is a great part of technology in our world, the first GPS system was used for military and now anyone that has a

| * shows evidence of information on GPS’s from a brochure and a scientific source * accesses the scientific accuracy of the brochure by identifying areas of comparison in both publications noting any relevant missing information gives supporting statements for the assessment * evaluates the validity of the information in the brochure and gives supporting statements for the assessment * presents clear relevant drawings that show how waves are used in GPS’s * identifies how the properties of waves that make them useful for this type of technology * identifies some current research into the future development of GPS’s

People have a home but once the home is destroyed, there is no roof to stay under. Everything such as money and belongings will be all gone meaning everyone will have to start over. People would become greedy and criminal like since no one has anything left. If people see things that are valuable, people will fight and argue to win that valuable thing causing war leading to death. Everyone will starve because of hunger. No one will have the utensils and time to cook. If there were things to cook with, there will be no crops or animals left to cook/eat. In conclusion, natural disasters have a huge effect to the environment and people. War will start since everything would be extremely valuable, everyone will fight to get what they need and want.

Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of natural disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, and volcanoes etc may strike according to the vulnerability of the area.

While natural disasters such as floods, drought and hurricanes are commonly thought to occur due to environmental forces such as weather, climate and tectonic movements; a deeper investigation into the ‘disaster’ displays other contributing forces. Human factors have a large, if not equal, contribution to the occurrance and outcome of such disasters (Pelling, 2001). As Pelling (2001) argues, there is both a physical and human dimension to ‘natural disasters’. The extent to which the natural occurrence of a physical process, such as a flood or earthquake, impacts on society is constructed by that society, creating a ‘disaster’ as measured by a

There are 24 satellites that circle the earth every 12 hours. These satellites are split into six groups of four and each group creates an orbital plane. These six orbital planes allow the satellites to move in a way that covers the earth completely. GPS satellites transmit signals to equipment on the ground. An example is a GPS receiver (GPS receiver can only receive the signals form the satellites but they can’t transmit any signals). The receivers work best in an open outdoor area where there is a clear view to the sky. At any time there are always four visible satellites. The GPS receiver can calculate how far each satellite is based on the time it took the signal to reach the receiver. Using the distance from each satellite that the receiver calculated it could then use a process called trilateration to pinpoint the location of the receiver [1].

Natural disasters may be defined as natural catastrophes which cause great damage by disrupting the functioning of a society thus rendering the country incapable of coping through using its own resources as there is a need for outsider assistance in order to effectively preserve lives and the environment. Conversely, Natural hazards are natural phenomena that are potential threats to people within a society, structures or economic assets and may cause disaster. Natural disasters are inevitable and ubiquitous worldwide. Within the Caribbean, they are chiefly present in the forms of hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, droughts, and volcanoes. The great damages caused by natural disasters may be divided into three categories: social, economic

Natural disasters are anything from floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, or anything else nature could develop that causes massive amounts of damage, or cause a large losses of life. Such events are not anything caused because of human beings, but only by the actions of atmospheric conditions, or due to the changes of continental drifts that these disasters occur. Technology has come a long way since the early days before the industrial revolution where predictions can be made and warnings can be issued. This helps reduce the amount of possible loss of lives that would occur in 21st century. However, that is not what happened during Hurricane Katrina, a category 5 Hurricane.

Natural disaster is a sudden and terrific event in nature (such as a hurricane, tornado, flood, heat waves,typhoon) that usually results in serious damage and a huge amount of deaths.