Global Politics Essay

The standard of the popular sovereignty implies, that the authority of a state is to govern itself or another state. When thinking upon our current international political system we can see that it has currently seen better days. According to Stephen Krasner and Moises Naim we can safely presume that many actions need to be taken and a sense of Shared Sovereignty needs to be installed. This would not only allow for the greater protection of certain states, but would also account for the interaction of states on an allied level in order to crack down on the Five Wars of Globalization. With the influx of a shared sovereignty according to Krasner and Naim it would create stronger borders and allow for alliances with unlikely states.

Sovereignty is a basic principle that impacts relations between countries and establishes mutual respect of the authority each state has over its territory. The concept of sovereignty and its operation within the international system originated with the end of the Thirty Years’ War in 1648 through a process known as the Peace of Westphalia. Over 194 states were represented by 174 plenipotentiaries during these meetings and the entire process took almost four years. This treaty is largely credited with establishing the modern state system

During the interwar era, politicians and governments around the world had self-perceptions of policies, views, and values that would have shaped their states and international interactions. With these politics self-perceptions, it showed to have great instabilities in failing and having issues from their policies and provisions. As with the ‘League of Nations’ international organization formed after world war one. Established a peace-making conference that resulted in

To achieve world order, certain legal and non-­ legal measures need to exist in accordance with societal values and expectations. Legal and non-­ legal measures including the United Nations, international instruments, courts and tribunals, the media and non-­ government organisations. Although these measures have these intentions, these issues surrounding world order such as state sovereignty may prevent world order from being accomplished completely and effectively. The need for world order has been sourced from conflict occurring in the international community. The effectiveness of legal and non-­ legal measures in dealing with this conflict can vary depending on the nation’s compliance with international law and other nation states. In

sovereign rules on behalf of its citizens and these citizens have a right to dissolve or

The goal of the “post-Westphalian democratic justice” is to change the current state-territorial borders and the way they are drawn. This process, along with globalization, forces the former monological process (experts making decisions) to become dialogical (collective decisions, made in a political manner and reached through dialogue). Furthermore, framing should respect the “all affected principle” (anyone affected has a voice—not based on physical geography but rather a common point—concerning that issue). In sum, Fraser defines justice as the parity of participation at all levels and dimensions. In a globalized world where numerous problems cross borders, this requires a democratic international decision-making

In the collective culmination of the state of nature, individuals in society create a different state; that is, “a legal entity that possesses a permanent population, a well-defined territory and a government capable of exercising sovereignty” (Kegley & Raymond 2005, p. 47). The state, often used interchangeably with the terms ‘nation’ or ‘nation-state’, is the most important actor in the Realist international system. Possessing no superior authority (sovereignty), the respective states of the world interact in a condition of anarchy. With this provision, the state is unrestrained by the ‘social contract’ imposed on individuals at a domestic level. Thus, the actions taken

State sovereignty is a major barrier when dealing with the issue of world order. State sovereignty is enshrined in the UN Charter. It refers to the authority a nation-state can hold that allows the government to govern themselves without the interference of other countries. Though a legal mechanism in its own right, state sovereignty can limit the effectiveness of international legal measures, which are applied in an effort to achieve world order, due to nation-states having the power of discretion when choosing to sign international legal documents such as treaties and declarations. This means that nation-states operating under state sovereignty can not be forced by any international organisation or other country to sign international legal

Sovereignty can be defined as supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community (Dictionary.com, 2017). With the

The standard of the popular sovereignty implies, that the authority of a state is to govern itself or another state. Further, under our constitution, those who wield the executive power of the Government are responsible to the legislatures and through them, to the people.

However, it can be argued that the motives behind intervention are not as important as the interventions themselves – the moral function of humanitarian intervention is to save lives and this can be achieved with or without altruistic motives. To this a possible reply is that seemingly unjust intervention may aggravate the receiving state, more so perhaps in military interventions than economic, political or social. A threatened state is arguably more likely to initiate a backlash. However, such an argument cannot be made against a UN-sanctioned intervention, where it can be agreed that the intervention is legitimate and in the interests of the global community. The issue of marginalising state sovereignty completely ignores the fact that sovereignty is granted by the international community , . The arguments that states such as China may put forward, that state sovereignty is absolute and deserving of unadulterated respect, rests on the idea that states grant themselves sovereignty, which upon reflection, one finds to be untrue. State sovereignty can only be realised if it is acknowledged by the global society of states. To this a realist might argue that theoretical sovereignty is separate from actual sovereignty, and that states will defend their sovereignty regardless of its

IGOs are voluntary associations of sovereign states established to pursue many objectives for which states want to cooperate through sort of formal structure and to which states are unable to realize by themselves (Miller, 1994). There are hundreds of IGOs in today's world which are significant in their respective fields. They are created by treaties and negotiations which mainly reflect preferences of stronger states. Especially stronger states create IGOs because they need them to protect their interests. By and large, decisions made by IGOs are the product of negotiations among the governmental representatives assigned to them. In general, it is not idealism, but the need of states which tend them to cooperate with other states in the context of IGOs. Therefore, they are part of the Westphalia state system in which IGOs are instruments of nation-states (Miller, 1994: 67). Regarding to the function and the purpose of IGOs, the influence of state as an actor in international relation still remains strong but in a different way, IGOs replace the original ideas of individual states but to identify states which have the same normative behavior and same ambitions to form a cooperate with each other so as to achieve the same goal. Even said so, powerful states are less constrained by the principle of IGOs than those who are relatively weak (Ataman, 2000: 152-167). This suggests that state is the key element in

The status quo is something that seemingly flawed, according to many political theorists. In the writings of Chantal Delsol, the problems of the current international political and legal sphere are examined and deciphered to fix all of the “problems” that, according to Delsol, plague society. In Unjust Justice, she brings a realist approach to international law similar to Hans Morgenthau, arguing that the state of anarchy with is fueled through plurality is more favorable to an international state of monopolized ideals. Grappling with the idealism and realism, Chantal Delsol adopts the ideas of many political theorists to paint a picture of ideal international politics by discussing war and international law from a lens of an idealist while embracing the principles of realism when evaluating morality.

Theory, in general has various meanings in Social Sciences, most in particular in, International Relations. That is the term “Theory” can be defined in various ways and means. Simply put, theory can be defined as a concept of explaining something. Furthermore, theory can be defined as a series of propositions about political behaviour inductively derived either from empirical studies or the comparative examination of case materials from the past (Akinboye & Ottoh, 2005). It can also be defined as a set of proposals of action for the statesman. The essence of the definition of the term “Theory” is to understand weather or not, the English School qualifies as a theory of International Relations. The origin of English School started in LSE, London School of Economics, in the department of International Relations by C.A.W Manning, Martin Wight, Hedley Bull, Adam Watson, Alan James and John Vincent. It should be mentioned that one critique of the English School theorist is on how not so English they were, with their developer; Manning being South Africa., which is proof of the loose geographic link between the theory and its name (Wilson, 2013). In addition, the English School was designed to incorporate the two major theories that were trying to explain International Outcomes namely, Realism and Liberalism; in order to come to a better, more complete understanding of International Relations, English School theorists sought to answer an essential: How is one to incorporate the

• Primary commodities have fallen in price, or stayed steady, while commodities they need has increased, e.g. oil