Edward Said states, “No one today is purely one thing. Labels like Indian, or woman, or Muslim, or American are no more than starting points.” Said’s idea illustrates the evolution of relations between communities as a result of globalization, and the understanding and recognition of other cultures through the interpretation of cultural borders.
In this essay I will analyse to what extent globalisation is affecting identity formation, and also the roles of cultural borders in today’s world. I will assess whether through globalisation of the media we are in fact overcoming cultural borders and traditional stereotypes and in turn forging a mutual respect between foreign communities, or as Said argues (Said cited in Crary &
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Archival accounts of the continuous race hatred directed against coloured people in Australia…reveal the sexual and other preoccupations that occupied those white minds from which such fantasies emanated (p. 43)
Australians wanted little to do with Asia, and besides those who wanted to “expand the Western Sphere of influence in the region” (Rizvi 1996, p.175), few Australians traveled to Asia. Asian people were essentially defined by their race, and by their embodiment of not being European.
It is with these historical perceptions in mind that Said’s statement holds extreme worth. Said could be seen as acknowledging past stereotypical labels enforced on Asian people, and dismissing these labels in today’s world, implying that something has changed to make these labels “no more than starting points”. Relating this to Australia/Asia, we note that Australians previously judged Asians purely and solely on racial grounds: “Race became a key explanatory factor not only in academic anthropology, but more importantly in the popular imagination of Australians.” (Rizvi 1996, p. 175).
Cultural confusion and an unwillingness to appreciate local customs and values gave birth to a contempt for local culture. Local people were simply seen as ‘other’, and “non-European people needed to be tamed or civilised, made ‘normal’” (Rizvi 1996, p.175).
Whereas before people of different
Migrants and immigrants are from a whole different world, although many authors in Growing up Asian in Australia were born in Australia and while their customs and traditions are seen as the norm to them they are seen as different by many Australians. These cultural traditions and practices are far from what the majority are used to and so are neither known nor understood. This result usually in people misunderstanding migrant’s individuality and can cause unfair exclusion. Governed was horrified when the school bully accused her of wiping her “butt with her hands” on the terms of her Indian background and as a result had to deal with constant teasing and taunts
Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. It was able to take advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. Now, Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP at the level of the four dominant West European economies. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels.
The bilateral relationship between Australia and Indonesia has a long but fluctuating history as ‘strange neighbours’, based on a traditional stance from Australian parties of Indonesia as the weaker state (Robert and Hadir 2015: 195). The discourse on Australia’s role in East Timor, particularly the intervention as the head of the UN sanctioned INTERFET team, has been praised or criticized depending on the narrative constructed of the events (Maley 2000: 151). Australia’s role in the East Timor crisis began through complicity in its causes, followed by a change in foreign policy which caused a deterioration of the Indonesia-Australia relationship at a time when Indonesia’s new democratic governance should have deepened relations (Sulistiyanto 2010: 125). While Australia and Indonesia have been steadily rebuilding their relationship, especially in regard to security, the
There is no doubt that communities and cultures have been exposed to one another over the course of time. This interaction is known as the “middle ground” where different groups come in contact for various reasons either accidentally or purposely. This interaction and mixture of communities has the potential of creating a good or bad relationship between the two different groups, depending on the circumstances and their intentions. The reality is that there is fear towards many different communities which is mostly due to the lack of knowledge and lack of comprehension there is for these groups. Communities and cultures cross borders because they want to create a just society; we continue to live in a world full of unjust treatment, the drive to help others and fight for a fair society explains why communities and cultures cross borders. Crossing over of these communities leads to understanding and
Individuals of the same ethnic background share the same culture a factor that explains that there, as many cultures as there are ethnic backgrounds across the world. Globalization has, however, led to interaction of people from varied cultural backgrounds. Because of the interaction, globalization has been accused of limiting cultural diversity. It is, however, not the case in reality. The purpose of this paper is to analyze some of the factors that justify that globalization has not limited cultural diversity as its critics say. Thus, globalization should not be viewed as a hindrance to cultural diversity because the best subject of moral concern should be the individual person and not the nation, community or the society.
Europeans view on non-european peoples and cultures became more vast over the time period of one hundred and thirty years. These documents, presented chronologically, show us how europeans questioned their morals about non-europeans as new intellectual changes were happening.
In a recent article authored by Alice Pung, a first generation Australian of Southeast Asian parents, titled ‘Living with Racism in Australia (Pung 2016), Alice details key points within her (and her families) life revolving around their migration from Cambodia to Australia. Within this she touches on, albeit briefly however still illustrating her point quite clearly, immigration, race/racism, assimilation, ethnic minorities, ethnic conflict and social cohesion.
Over the last few decades, ever since the televisions and computers were invented, self ethnic identities have been influenced because of the progress in technology, which we commonly known as media, and whether the globe benefits from this approach or not has become a controversial issue amongst most of the people in the world. As what survey shows that a dominant group of peoples who tend to believe that identities were being ruined by spreading through mass-media which is the most inappropriate approach ever made because of it’s extremely destructive effects. For instance, one of my friends ignited the other’s hair
Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include:
Some argue that globalization will, on the long term, bring all cultures as a unique Western, if not Americanized, culture, while others argue that some cultures will persist in order to keep their own essence and therefore avoid the homogenization of all cultures. Alongside pure tradition, global conflicts, contradictory political regimes and the diversity of economic systems, some cultures are bound to face issues when trying to fully fit in a global western culture, and that is why cultures are adaptable to one another, but with some limits that we will express in this essay.
The phrase of globalisation is becoming very popular around the world, and it gives free movement to communicate with people regarding cultural, economic, social, technological, political, educational and businesses. In the modern society globalisation has impacted on many human lives, which started in the western countries in (1492), according to Kevin H. O'Rourke, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and then it expanded all over the world. The word of globalisation can describe many different aspects such as globalisation of nothing, the making of the global society and the globalisation of wealthy and poor. According to Robert Shuey in (2001), ‘’globalisation is widely and somewhat loosely used a term, intended to describe the recent and rapid process of international, economic, social, and political integration’’. The idea of his words that globalisation is giving an opportunity to people, so they can travel, invest internationally, and communicate this can help many businesses people especially in Australia to invest more widely and internationally. Globalisation has impacted on Australian society in all terms of life, for instance, it has an enormous impact on health and education system, on technology, and on the Australian economy. But one of the categories is increasing so widely among Australian people who affect many young people’s lives is the impact of racism on the health and wellbeing of young Australians. The word racism is the very phenomenon aspect in the Australian society, especially between young people. On the very high percentage of many young Australians are experiencing racism between the nation, most of these racists are because of skin colour, cultural beliefs, different traditions from different countries, speaking another language and gender. Racism plays a significant role in the society, and many people are aware of this because when they face radical discrimination from any individual, they feel angry and frustrated, and sometimes they feel of not belonging to the local community.
This essay analyses the Australian-China bilateral relationship since 1945 and in particular its political significance to Australia. Many global factors have influenced this relationship, including the advent of the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Soviet bloc European nations. In addition, internal political changes in Australia and China have both affected and been affected by the global changes. It will be analysed that Australia’s bilateral relationship with China has always had a sharp political edge but that approaching the new millenium economics and trade considerations are shaping Australias and for that matter Chinese politics.
Australian-Indonesian relations are the foreign relations between the two countries, whether economically, politically, legally or socially. Australian-Indonesian relations involve an interaction in foreign policies between the two nations (Wolfsohn, 1951, p. 68). As long as Indonesia is Australia 's closest and largest neighbor, they are bound to have great international relations. These relations began as early as the 17th century and had only become enhanced with time (Daly, 2003, p. 397). The relationship has been defined by a conjoint growth trade of up to $14 between the years 2011-2012 which reports an increase from the previous economic year (Mark, 2012, p.402). These countries are members of various trade deals such as the ASEAN Regional Forum in addition to having close ties with education, defense, and leadership. Australia 's relationship with Indonesia is crucial, and lack of such could severely bruise the economy, and hence they need to keep united by ensuring the use of widespread media with beneficial input. Australia interacts with Indonesia in a way such as sporting activity, tourism, education, economic policies, youth exchange programs, cultures and above all their diplomacy (Okamoto, 2010, p.241).
The effects of Globalisation on Australia can be disseminated into a number of different categories. For the purposes of this report five major categories including Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political have been explored and summarised but is by no means exhaustive.
"Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture" (Sayre, 2010, p.419).