Globalization And Globalization

Is the increasing globalization of business good or bad for the United States? If you are from a different country, what effect do you think globalization is having or will have on your country? Is globalization resulting in unequal gains for different countries?

Over the course of history, domestic politics have been shaped by international forces. Forces like war and trade; empire and colonies; migration and the spread of ideas. Globalization and Neoliberalism plays an important role in impacting politics in all states. “Globalization is a system in which human beings are no longer part of isolated communities that are linked through narrow channels of diplomatic relations of trade”(O’Neil,2017, pg.346). Globalization creates a division between international relations and domestic politics. When globalization makes a distinction, then the aspects of domestic politics are controlled by global forces. Globalization changes the  institutions of economics, politics, and society. The institutions are measure by space and time of social norms, culture, boundaries. The boundaries create a local identity and control (particularly-“state, religion, or set of cultural values holds sway over the land and here but not there.”)(O’Neil, 2015, pg.348).  Furthermore, political isolation becomes impossible to happen.

Based on Sparke’s textbook, Globalization can be defined as “the extension, acceleration, and intensification of consequential worldwide global interconnections.” This is what he refers to as “little g” globalization. These global interconnections reveal the ties and tensions of globalization. There is also “big G” globalization which is what Sparke calls using globalization as a buzzword in a political context. A big part of globalization is commodities and commodity chains. A commodity can be simply defined as anything that is bought or sold while a commodity chain is the production process that produces these commodities. Understanding commodities and commodity chains is important to be able to understand globalization. One example of how commodities demonstrate globalization is outsourcing and offshoring. By doing this, companies bring their companies overseas which means that they are interconnected with other parts of the world. Understanding commodity chains can also allow you to understand the ties and tensions. I decided to focus on the apparel industry and the commodity of a piece of clothing. This commodity shows some of the tensions related to labor, like constantly searching for the cheapest labor, and tensions related to the environment, like pollution from the clothing industry. A piece of clothing also shows ties through, for instance, in which countries clothes are produced and to which countries they are being exported to. The article "Indian Textile and

Q1: Define Globalization 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and provide a sample of the type of business data managers collected during each era.

Globalization is taking place across the world where people can either become globalization or stay local in the state or country. People are very controversial about globalization helping local economies and local businesses. Some people believe globalization is helping local businesses into the markets and then there are some that believe that multinational corporations hurting the local small businesses. What is globalization? “the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets” (). Globalization has started long before we were born.

As international business cannot make profit in a new market if remained unchanged in this wave of fast-changing globalization, localization helps them adapt to their new international markets and effectively gain the most out of this process. If localizing in the era of globalization is so helpful, why can’t countries as a whole also learn from it to better adapt to the macro-environment of economic globalization? Glocalization, as stated by sociologist Roland Robertson, “the simultaneity – the co-presence – of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies,” can be applied beyond business to reduce existing income inequalities in the world caused by disparity among countries’ development. To promote glocalization, local government should understand its country’s internal factors so that it can enact changes to its infrastructure to adapt to economic globalization and solve accompanying challenges such as increased income inequality within the country.

Countries around the world have become increasingly connected in a multitude of ways. Technology, culture, trade, the economy, and the environment have all created serious impacted, and been impacted by, growing relations globally. With this interconnectedness comes a shrinking of individually between countries and their governments, and different regions are now experiencing the repercussions of the actions of their neighbors near and far. Globalization does not appear to be a newly discovered term. Many countries around the world experienced new technologies throughout the past few centuries and have been directly impacted by the discovery of new machines like rail lines, airplanes, and trains (DeBlij, Muller, & Nijman, 2013). These new methods of transportation paved the way for a rapid expansion of trade between regions. Migrations of culturally diverse workers created new labor markets and generated cheaper labor, which in turn began the outsourcing of labor to different countries. Globalization can be classified as a double-edged sword. There have been intense and extreme benefits and expansions that have occurred as a result of globalization. However, cultural changes and the risks that underdeveloped countries face create opposition and skepticism regarding the true benefits of a globalized world.

With the changes in the global economy, pegged with the advancement of technology, companies in the United States must reconsider their strategies to compete with international counterparts. It was only 50 years ago, a company in anywhere town, America could carve out space in a market for themselves and do well without a competitor in sight. Things have changed now and not is the threat of a Wal-Mart moving into your neighborhood a fear of the small to medium-sized company, international companies have also set their eyes on the United States. With as the leading consumer market with a 28% of the world’s consumer market, nearly four times larger than distant second China, there is no wonder why any other country would want to penetrate the most lucrative market on the planet. This is owed to the growth of globalization and the expansion of technology into instruments beyond research, entertainment, and communication, and into the world of digital and cryptographic currency. What the global economy is beginning to realize is: there are still untapped markets where profits could be astronomical. Many developing countries are beginning to adopt practices and methods of developed countries on a smaller scale, with the help of technology. As the prevalence of new markets and a new form of currency grows, there is no doubt larger companies will be able to seize the opportunity to make in these markets.

Today, we live in a world of change. Change is everywhere and it can be a major or so small we don’t notice it until later in the future. Our environment is changing, we as humans are constantly changing. Our world is moving into modernization and globalization. “Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.” (Globalization101.org, 2016) Globalization isn’t a new concept, for thousands of years; humans have been connecting with other civilization or population via trade and wars. Advances in technology and changes in policies have sped up the process of globalization and development around the world. One of the biggest and largest contributors to globalization is the United States of America. The influence from the U.S. to other countries is vast and greatly affects economies, governments, and even healthcare. Healthcare is a sensitive subject and like many countries like the United States, it struggles to maintain a balance of people’s needs and wants.

Additionally, Roger Waldinger’s How the Other Half Works provides the perfect example of how globalization can affect the labor market of not only developing nations, but also the markets of heavily developed countries like the United States. Waldinger states, “The immigrants were different from ‘us,’ but their differences served as a positive signal for selection; the immigrants ‘otherness’; was associated with a set of behavioral characteristics that employers generally liked” (Waldinger, 161). While the idea that the outsourcing associated with globalization is responsible for essentially taking away jobs from workers in prosperous countries, this quotation and the article as a whole provide evidence that demonstrates that even when provided with those job opportunities, American’s aren’t as willing to perform the job as well as immigrants who possess qualities more similar to workers in impoverished nations. In prosperous nations, such as the United States, it is more difficult to find legal citizens that are willing to perform low skill jobs. There are many people feel that basic American education makes them overqualified for positions that require difficult work, yet don’t pay a substantial wage. Employers seek workers with specific behavioral characteristics, such as minimal hostility towards authority, reliability, and dedication to the job, which is what often leads them to outsource production to developing countries with desperate populations willing to work

Globalization is briefly identified as, “the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operation on an international scale.” Some scholars argue that globalization threaten or may end nations or nation-states. Scholars should no longer conceptualize globalism and nationalism as conflicting categories (Wang); rather, they should see how globalism and nationalism can coincide within a nation. Taiwan is an example of how national identity is established in the face of globalization.

The world today is more globalised than ever before, with people, technologies and ideas migrating across borders in increasingly large numbers. These movements are a powerful force for change, and raise important questions among anthropologists about how culture, community and conflict have changed in response to globalisation. In this essay, I argue that while the nature of globalisation has changed over the years, it has consistently been a driver of internal conflict and societal change. Two case studies are utilised, from India and Peru, to demonstrate how globalisation introduces new ideas and opportunities that challenge existing power structures, identities, values and cultural norms. This, in turn, leads to my final argument that in the process of trying to prevent change, many leaders actually deepens existing social fractures which ultimately results in conflict and inevitable social, political, economic and cultural transformation.

Globalization has a massive effect in shaping local cultures since its origin in the late 15th century following the integration of markets between Europe and the Americas. Globalization is a relatively new term that was coined in the 1990’s even though some historians argue that its origins go back to the beginning of mankind. Since then, globalization has become a phenomenon that has impacted every sector of the world. In result, globalization assumes a role in destroying local culture through the dominance of powerful nation-states, influx of foreign made goods and the negative reactions from inhabitants of local cultures.

1. “Site” and “Situation” are two significant factors in the development of urban centers. It can be used as a way to examine how a particular city rose to prominence based on those two elements. In the geographical context “site” refers to the designated area in which human settlement had arisen. There could be many reasons as to why settlers would choose a particular location over another, for example, fertile land, defense, water supply, natural harbors etc. In the example of Buffalo, New York, it is located on Lake Erie one of the 5 Great Lakes, an important lake commercially during that time period. “Situation” in the geographical context refers to the settlements relation to the accessibility of resources in the given site it Is located in. This could include things such as ports, natural resources, desirable routes connecting to other important fixed locations, these all have a direct effect on the growth of a city. In the case of Buffalo, it is located on Lake Erie, and when the Erie Canal’s construction was completed in 1825 it essentially connected Lake Erie and Buffalo to the eastern seaboard and New York City. This was good for economies based on the extraction of raw materials and transportation and trade of finished goods. This resulted in a rapid economic and population growth in the city of Buffalo.

Economic globalization has become the most important feature and a general trend of present world economic development. Globalization is a phenomenon and also a process of development of mankind and human society (Hamilton, 2008). It is the essential feature of the modern age. Globalization is the cross-border flows of capital and goods, including capital, labour, technology and natural resources (Bożyk, Misala & Puławski, 2002). Economic globalization is a historical process, and the germination of it could date back to the 16th century. After the industrial revolution, capitalist commodity economy, modern industry and transportation have been developing rapidly. The world market was fast expanded and the foreign trade was