Globalization

‘Newly industrialised countries have been and continue to be, the driving force of globalisation.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Globalization can be described in a lot of different ways because it covers a large amount of topics including political, social and economic/commercial areas. According to Killic (2015), Globalization can be really challenging for different factions to come to one common agreement of what the term means because it has a ‘multi-dimensional’ structure. This means that up to this day, it is impossible to write a clear definition for what Globalization means as, although they share a similar understanding of the concept, different people in different parts of the world will have separate and sometimes conflicting views on what it means. Hopkins (2002) also describes Globalization as the “process of transformation of local phenomena into global ones”, this means that people from all around the world are brought together and function as one.

Globalization is the process by which different societies and cultures integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It is a term that refers to the fast integration and interdependence of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. Simply put; globalization is the world coming together. In this essay I will discuss multiple perspectives on globalization through the analysis of these three sources.

Globalization refers to the interconnection among countries, politically, economically and culturally. Globalization has come into existence due to the following factors: (i) betterment in transportation and communication, (ii) human and capital mobility, (iii) increasing formation and existence of NGOs and multinational corporations.

Increasing technologic advancements continue to generate more opportunities for globalization to expand globally. However the dominance of globalization and the effects it has on cultures has created groups focused on fighting the expansion of globalization (Godfrey, 2008). According to Giddens, “Globalization is identified as the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.” (Giddens, 1990). The ideology of globalization is not a new concept but over time it has taken on different changes such as the size, speed, and awareness.

The economic dependence between nations worldwide occurs due to Globalization. Throughout the centuries, nations would not be as powerful as they are in the present day without the help of globalization. Communication started the first form of globalization. People of different cultures shared ideas with each other, which influenced many more. Spanish conquistador, Hernán Cortés explained in Approaching Tenoctitlán, “I further made the chief understand that all the people [should] protect their lives as well as their property, and…they were adore to adore but one God”. The Spaniards were shocked to find the Indians to be uncivilized, so they had spread their own ideas of setting laws and religion. The Spaniards also offered help to protect

The concept of globalization is one that has pervaded public and academic discourse throughout the last three decades. The term is seldom unheard in any

“Globalization is today's reality. Like it or not, the move to a world economy is a fact of life. At some point in the 1990s the process achieved critical mass and people started to sit up and take notice. Many were apprehensive.

Frequently, people are unclear of exactly what Globalization means. Globalization is the tendency of the world's economies to act as a single interdependent economy. It can be described as the increased movement of people, knowledge, ideas, goods and money across national borders to make the world more unified in a sense. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are other components with this idea like, economics, and cultures. There is a huge debate of whether or not globalization is positive or negative.

“Globalisation is a process in which the world appears to be converging economically, politically and culturally. Globalisation is seen by many as a fundamental change where national borders become irrelevant, a process accelerated by development in information and communications technology.”

Despite all the sudden growth in Asia and Africa their GDP per capita is still low. Asia holds at 22.0% and Africa at 18.0% of the levels of Europe and the Americas GDP per capita.

Each year, globalization plays a more profound role in regards to the national economies of the world. Globalization has allowed for the expansion of corporations beyond their natural domestic limits. As such it has contributed to an increased standard of living for those who embrace its presence. Free trade therefore, is a welcomed addition within the overarching trend of globalization. Free trade allows for the transfer of goods and services when demanded by specific economies. It also allows the countries best suited for such activities to flourish. For example, China is proficient in manufacturing which allows the country to export far more goods than it imports. Developed nations such as Europe, America, and to a smaller extent, Japan demand these cheaper goods as they import more than they export. This trade allows both parties to subsequently flourish. China can sell its products to generate addition funding to expand its economy while America and Europe have access to low costs goods and services. With the advent of globalization, Chinese manufactures are better equipped to expand overseas to expand their manufacturing competitive advantage. This expansion allows lower cost goods and services to reach otherwise inaccessible areas of the world, thus increasing their standard of living. A shirt that once cost $15 now only costs $5. Society benefits as more dollars

helping the farmers, it hurt them even worse by causing a rift between the U.S. and their and simply reversing any liberalization and trade agreements that had previously been put in place. The U.S. was other Nations. The farmers were over producing in hopes of having a prosperous time and but no one was buying our products either as a result. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt was voted into office, he soon convinced Congress to approve the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act. This act allowed the President to negotiate bilateral trade agreements with other countries. This re-opened the door of communication and started to help rebuild the mutual trust with other countries, thus starting a new era of to what we know today as globalization. President Roosevelt was considered to be an internationalist, not isolationist, like his predecessors. He knew that in order for our economy to survive and one day thrive that we had to trade internationally. The days of high protective tariffs were slowly becoming a thing of the past. President Roosevelt felt that creating a global organization, hence the United Nations, would help to reduce the

Additionally, Roger Waldinger’s How the Other Half Works provides the perfect example of how globalization can affect the labor market of not only developing nations, but also the markets of heavily developed countries like the United States. Waldinger states, “The immigrants were different from ‘us,’ but their differences served as a positive signal for selection; the immigrants ‘otherness’; was associated with a set of behavioral characteristics that employers generally liked” (Waldinger, 161). While the idea that the outsourcing associated with globalization is responsible for essentially taking away jobs from workers in prosperous countries, this quotation and the article as a whole provide evidence that demonstrates that even when provided with those job opportunities, American’s aren’t as willing to perform the job as well as immigrants who possess qualities more similar to workers in impoverished nations. In prosperous nations, such as the United States, it is more difficult to find legal citizens that are willing to perform low skill jobs. There are many people feel that basic American education makes them overqualified for positions that require difficult work, yet don’t pay a substantial wage. Employers seek workers with specific behavioral characteristics, such as minimal hostility towards authority, reliability, and dedication to the job, which is what often leads them to outsource production to developing countries with desperate populations willing to work

they are being offered a job in order to stay afloat. “Sweatshops provide much needed jobs in countries that suffer extreme poverty” (Payne, p.102).