Globalization Has Created An International Market For Human Trafficking

Looking away from technology, globalization has also been affected by human nature, as they explore the world and discover new things. Ever since the slave trade, human trafficking has been a highly significant problem, as people are transported across continents for other peoples’ benefit. Nowadays, the purposes of these people may have changed from the days of agriculture and manual labour into more modern work such as prostitution and organ removal, but the methodology behind it is still similar. This highlights that the process of globalization is not something that is new, but that instead some aspects of it were created centuries ago.

There are two types of leaders; the type that leads humbly and fairly, and the type that leads with force and intimidation. Both of these can be found in Richard Adams’ Watership Down. When danger seems to be approaching the Sandleford Warren, a group of rabbits gather and leave to form or find a new warren. Throughout their journey, a leader emerges; Hazel. The group also encounters an area called Efrafa, ruled by General Woundwort. Hazel and General Woundwort are complete opposites, specifically in how they became a leader, how they lead, and how they view their own role as a leader.

What was Charlie’s style? The classic L.A. type What story was Dreama part of? The Miles McCoy story What was Dreama’s major problem?

Critically analyze the development of human trafficking and its connections to the legitimate economic sphere. To what extent is this market a result of global structural conditions?

The illicit trafficking of humans for purposes of slavery continues to be a global issue and clear violation of fundamental Human Rights. Article 4 of The UDHR states; “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms”. Human trafficking is defined as the commercial trade of human beings for the purpose of some form of slavery or exploitation, a clear violation of individual human rights. It is hard to quantify the extent of the issue, however the UN has estimated that there are over 2.5 million victims of human trafficking across state boarders. As an international issue, human trafficking requires international attention - however for international laws to be most effective they

The illegal trade and exploitation of human beings for forced labor, prostitution and reproductive favors is defined as human trafficking. Human trafficking is a global issue and is second only to the international drug trade in regards to organized crime. Many reports say that, it is a multi-billion dollar business affecting several million people in every country across the world. The two main types of human trafficking are: human sex trafficking, and forced labor, both making up what society describes as “modern-day slavery.”

No nation is immune from human trafficking. Even the most powerful nations are not immune from modern day slavery.The main contributors to human trafficking are governmental corruption, economic and social crisis within each nation's borders.Globalization is the development of an increasingly integration marked especially by free trade that transcends nation-state boundaries. Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because as the world evolves and people become more connected, the transfer of people both voluntarily and coerced is becoming more prevalent. Human trafficking is a very lucrative business that extends beyond nation-state boundaries Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because it is tightly connected to the worlds economy, and ironically is caused by the gap of the wealthy and poor even though it has been present for centuries the government is just beginning to address this common problem.. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex slavery and the sex trade but has also played major roles in efforts to stop it.

There have been enormous questions on the effects that globalization has had on sex trafficking. Some have argued that globalization is characterized with the global efforts, funding and regional legislation that undermine the spread of the sex trading. However, the increased liberalization and other factors such as the presence of the internet have heavily favored sex trade globally and especially in the United States of America (U.S.A). The United States has been a destination for the many immigrants from third world countries and others that have been encroached with wars and terrorist activities.  According to the National Human Trafficking (2017), 4460 cases of the trafficking were recorded in the U.S.A of which 3186 cases reported were linked to sex trafficking. In 2016, the reported human trafficking cases tremendously increased in 7621, and the sex trafficking cases reported also increased to 5593. The reported sex trafficking cases were 4183, 3593, 3380, 2382 in 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 respectively (National Human Trafficking, 2017, 1). From the cases recorded by the National Human Trafficking Hotline, it is evident that globalization has created a favorable environment for the sex and the human trafficking. The economic, political and legal environment created by the globalization favors the spread of sex trade in the United States of America.

This study will define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much wider scale in poorer countries, such as Bulgaria, Russia, and other second world nations that become an extension of sex trade networks. Therefore, the globalization of human trafficking provides an example of the intermeshed system of human trafficking that relies heavily on the exploitation of women and children throughout the world. These criminal systems of “trade” define the black market appeal of human trafficking that has become a global issue in the modern world. In essence, an analysis of the globalization of human trafficking defines the impact of first world nations, such as the U.S., and the extension of these domestic issues into poorer nations in Eastern Europe.

As the world is shrinking and the global community is evolving, the transfer of people both voluntary and coerced is becoming more frequent. The condensing of world can be attributed to the process of globalization. It is mainly due to globalization that human trafficking has become such a lucrative and fast-growing criminal activity across the globe. The problem of trafficking and smuggling which involves the trading of humans for sex and cheap labour has been referred to as ‘the dark side of globalisation’ , a threat to ‘the human rights

Human trafficking entails the trade of human beings with an aim to exploit them for sexual slavery, forced labor as well as commercial sex services. In some worst case scenario human trafficking results in the death of the victims who at times undergo extraction of tissues and organs. In short human trafficking can be described as a modern day slavery. Human trafficking can be carried out within the confine of a country or state and can as well be carried out trans-nationally. Human trafficking is best described as the illegal trade of people without necessitating actual movement of people from one place to another. Thus trafficking can be distinguished from smuggling by the fact that smuggling involves travel while trafficking persons are held against their consent and will and forced to work or offer services to the trafficker or other people. Consequently smuggling is a crime against the state while human trafficking is classified as a crime against humanity.

While violence attributed to either technological fusion or natural depiction is a great cause of concern for most critics of anime, it does not compare to the outrage visited upon Japanese animation on the basis of sexually explicit content. According to Hinton (2014), the greatest concern for most critics of anime is the constant depiction of underage girls in sexually suggesting situations and scenes. This is especially true for Japanese animation subgenres such as hentai, lolicon and rorikon. Accordingly, Hinton (2014) suggests that western media in particular is often outraged by images of scantily dressed underage girls in Japanese animation. The reality of the matter, according to Hinton, is that Japanese culture as a whole seems to tolerate this sexual depiction because their culture has in the past permitted the prostitution of underage, school going girls by older me for financial gain (Hinton, 2014). In this regard, Hinton (2014) suggests that eroticism in Japanese animation is largely influenced by two key factors; fantasy and purity or innocence, which when combined often have the net effect of distorting human nature.

Aronowitz, Alexis A. Human Trafficking, Human Misery: the Global Trade in Human Beings. Scarecrow Press, 2013.

Human Trafficking occurs in every country in the world. It is a global issue driven by poverty. The most common countries to which victims are exported are in Western Europe, Western Africa, Asia, Arab Nations and North America. The highest destination countries are Belgium, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Thailand, Turkey and the U.S. The main countries of origin of victims are Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern European countries, former Eastern bloc and Soviet Union countries, Latin America and the Caribbean.

According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for