Globalization: Pressure Groups In The United States

Which is the most likely cause for rapid increase in number of interest groups in recent decades?- Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

Pressure groups enable new concerns and issues to reach the political agenda, thereby facilitating social progress and preventing social stagnation. For example, the women’s and environmentalist movements.Pressure groups increase social cohesion and political stability by providing a ‘safety-valve’ outlet for individual and collective grievances and demands.Pressure groups assist the surveillance of the government by exposing information it would rather keep secret, thereby reinforcing and complementing work of opposition through political parties. Pressure groups thereby improve the accountability of decision makers to electorates.

People flock to those with similar ideas. Some people create or are involved in interest groups to act on their beliefs. Said beliefs are strong and have the capacity to change current political agendas. Beliefs produce responses; responses ignite operation. The power of political

In the modern political sphere parties and social movements have a dependent relationship where the leaders, followers, funding, and frames of movements are scouted by parties. Political parties, which must be encompassing and lean more towards the center than single-issue social movements, rely on the support of social movements during electoral seasons. Manifestations of this relationship occur anytime a political party absorbs the issue of a social movement, or a candidate publicly supports and works with movement leaders. Movements can build large followings that become a target of candidates for votes. To entice movements to support the party, movements receive broader access to media and connections to the state. This interaction between

There are four kinds of significant “political actors”, “Political Party,” “Social Movement,” “Interest Group,” and “Group Organization,” which citizens in the United States can join and support in order to influence politics and government. These four important “political actors” have a long history and their ability to influence the politics and government can not be underestimated.

Pressure groups are groups of like minded individuals who come together on the basis of shared interests or a commonly held cause in order to put pressure on policy makers at Westminster and beyond. Pressure groups are significantly more numerous than political parties because whereas the parties tend to aggregate and accommodate a wide range of views in an effort to see their candidate elected to public off, pressure groups have a tendency to fragment opinion. Recent years have seen the emergence of looser social movements and more focused single-issue groups, replacing larger, more traditional groups as a fundamental

In the last decade or a half, it is seen that collective action has become easier due to technological and social advancements, which has significantly helped grass-root movements gain power and influence in the political sphere. The ability of movements to raise money, gather large support, enter competitive political elections and impact party support and agenda, has made them very influential and appealing to political parties. Social movements are able to influence political parties by having a strong support base and source of funding to keep the movement going, having goals that a party can associate with and incorporate those goals into the party’s agendas. It is also seen that social movements gain significant influence over parties

With this lens of scrutiny, "the world of pressure politics becomes more a politics among the activists than a politics that involves many people." However, it is not to be totally lost that the public primarily "colors the mode of action."

While the U.S. has always been globally involved, in the late 19th century, the American power grew globally to a larger magnitude. The increased globalization of the U.S. began from the Chicago World’s Fair, which symbolized innovation, integration and exchange of cultures and ideas, travel, and military capabilities. The Chicago World’s Fair was America’s way of claiming to be a world power.1 With the increasing power, however, also came many difficulties. The American workers and businesses were vulnerable due to global trade. More specifically, agriculture in the United States shouldered the burden of industrial development and increasing globalism. Social differentiation became more pronounced and tensions grew.2 However, the U.S. continued

A pressure groups tends to be defined as numerous and very diverse organisations that shares strong beliefs with their members intent on influencing policy makers (Watts, 2007: 4). Pressure groups have always been categorised as a promotional and associational groups (Hefferman, 2011:174). Association groups tend to be grouped with interest groups, whereas promotional groups are primarily included with NGOs and charity groups. Such categorisation helps to establish the techniques used to advance their cause. Both groups are seen to either externally pressure or directly lobby politicians to advance change or initiate new ideas (Hefferman, 2011: 180). Similarly other categorisations exist where there is a division between insiders and outsiders status in policy-making networks and organisations. Such typology is essential in helping to understand what type of pressure groups are redefining the relationship between an MP and

Political parties face a balancing act of the interests of their electorate, maintaining of their platform, and sustainable, acceptable policy in the eyes of the public. Interest groups are subject to the current government's own interests, as well as their level of and the nature of their public support. Public consultation is only as effective as it is manufactured to be, and can therefore be influenced heavily by other policy actors. Social movements have an impact that depends heavily on the size of the mobilisation, which, for some causes, can be difficult to gather. Very particular circumstances are required for consistent, significant influence on policy, and that influence is still subject to rest of the policy

As the number of political parties has fallen, that of pressure groups has increased. In the voluntary sector alone, one third of the population is involved in regular work for organisations, several of which can be described as a pressure group. They are organised groups that don't put up candidates for election, but seek to influence government policy or legislation. These organisations are also described as interest groups, lobby groups, or protest groups. The term pressure group can inadvertently be interpreted as groups that use actual pressure to achieve their aims.

In a shrinking world, the importance of understand one another grows every day. As the concept of boundaries and borders diminish, organizations are establishing themselves in more and more locations around the world in order to deliver their goods and services. These organizations are facing challenges as they bring their own cultural understanding into established cultural frameworks (Drogendijk and Slangen, 2006). The interactions of the organization’s and host-country’s culture can determine the organizations overall levels of success. Who will change? The organization or the host county? Will the organization adapt to the host-nation? By doing so, is the organization changing from what first arrived into something different.

‘Globalization: What’s new? What’s not? (And so what)’, portrays the speed in which globalism has increased through many different factors; economically, military, environmentally and socially. This is an idealist analytic approach, not set in stone. This leads on to

Globalization greatly expands in 1990s when it is the period of business establishments nationwide (Naime, 2009). This phenomenon allows economic and politics of one country penetrate others (Mittelman, 1997). In addition, the factors of globalization includes the spatial reorganization of production, the industrialization across borders, the expansion of financial markets, the diffusion of identical consumer goods to distant countries, massive transfers of population and emerging worldwide preference for democracy (Mittelman, 1997). It can be seen that democratizing countries have gained ability in economic improvement in the era of globalization. In fact, democratization emphasizes broad and inclusive citizenship where all citizens have equal rights in political system (Linz and Stepan, 1996). As a consequence, democratization enhances people to participate and attend to choose political leaders to develop their countries. According to Rudra’s research (2005), the significance of globalization is bringing about changes in politics and public policy in democratizing countries. In recent era, globalization creates new wave of political economy in transforming modernity and international markets. At this point, developed and developing countries has emerged together due to trade openness. Southeast Asian countries decided to be an integral part of the global economy (Lechner and Boil, 2003). Asian democratizing countries seem to be under pressure to adapt with the new wave