Globalization and International Trade Essay

In this chapter, talks about Globalization and Trade. Wheelan starts by using the example of a magical machine that turns corn into stereo equipment. “Imagine a machine that can convert corn into a stereo equipment”. He says that no matter where in the world you look, trade is a machine that can turn anything into anything else. In trading we are practically taking what we produce and turning it into what we can’t or do not produce. The best part of the trade machine is that it allows countries to specialize in producing just one good and then taking that one good and turning it into another good. Since in the trade machine you just need one thing to get whatever you want, you basically take whatever you are better at and focus only on producing that in order to trade it with different people that can offer you what you lack. This is the heart of trade, specialization.

WTO is an international agency which is helping the nation members to provide barriers free trade and settle the disputes those are arise between nations while trading. It ensures the smooth and fair business activities between different countries. It was generated from GATT.

WTO: World Trade Organization deals with the global trading rules between international governments. The overall rules must be predictable enough so that everyone involved isn’t dealing with chaotic sudden changes.

The definition which I can think of is Free trade is international policy where governments doesn’t create any restriction and on goods and other materials to import or export smoothly and no heavy taxes are applied so that both countries can operate smoothly and gain profit.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a set of trade agreements. It was created in hopes for the abolition of quotas and the reduction of tariff duties among it's member nations. GATT’s most important principle was to trade without discrimination. GATT was succeeded by the World Trade Organization in 1995, formally going out of existence on April15,f 1994.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global agency that is dedicated to promoting free trade between member nations. It was founded on the idea that the world can be a better place if everyone works together. Before World War II, countries believed in protecting their domestic productions by implementing tariffs, or taxes against goods that are imported. Tariffs make imported goods cost more than domestic goods, thereby protecting the success of domestic producers. Today, most nations support free trade, which is the exchange of goods across borders without restrictions like quotas or tariffs. The elimination of tariffs is meant to allow trade between nations to occur more freely.

Globalization has been in existence for the past hundreds of years; it has exercised control over the transformation and development of the trade world as we know it. It has impacted trade in a good way, and overall as a positive force. Globalization has given rise to the job market and increased trades of many products. Without trade, the world would not have been able to further its economy as it has. When deciphering between what could be seen as a positive and negative force, different definitions come to mind. When I think of a positive force as it comes to the economy, I think of an upward moving building block as the world went through globalization by increasing the worlds organization of economies. Resulting in the growth of trade of goods, services, and international capital. This was also accompanied by a new spread of technologies and global international trade.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was formed in 1994 and created one of the world’s largest free trade zones which includes Mexico, United States and Canada. NAFTA is an example of a multilateral approach to free trade. The multilateral approach states that a country will bargain with its trading partners to remove trade restrictions while the other countries do the same. Another multilateral approach is GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) which regulates international trade. GATT is comprised of representatives of all WTO member countries. The WTO (World Trade Organization) was established January 1, 1995 and is headquartered in Geneva Switzerland. As of November 2015 there were one hundred sixty-two countries that were members.

In general, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were designed to do one thing: liberalize trade. Tariffs were first put in place to encourage the internal sale and consumption of produce goods and services. This benefitted many businesses within each country, but others struggled to create a market for their own goods when competing against government supported companies. Started in 1947, the GATT was designed to reduce the barriers erected against international trade and increase the flow of goods around the world. There have been several additions to the GATT over the years, but all were designed to continue the process of creating a more open global market. It allowed

The World Trade Organization was formed on January 1, 1995 however; its trade system is almost 50 years older. Since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) had provided the rules for the system. The main purpose for the World Trade Organization is to offer a forum for negotiation of trade between member Governments. The bulk of these agreements came from the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations, as well as from the GATT. Currently, the WTO is host to a new set of negotiations under the “Doha Development Agenda” launched in 2001. At the center of the WTO, are the agreements reached between the majorities of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide legal guidelines (and rules) for international commerce and general business. These agreements are ultimately viewed as contracts, binding the participating governments to keeping their trade policies within agreed limits. The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow freely for the economic development and well being of participating governments and their countries.

     International trade has been in existence throughout history and has an economic impact on the participating countries. Trade in most countries has a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and helps to boost the

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that helps countries and producers of goods deal fairly and smoothly with conducting their business across international borders. It mainly does this through WTO agreements, which are negotiated and signed by a large majority of the trading nations in the world. The purpose of the WTO is to ensure that global trade commences freely, smoothly and predictably while also aiming to create economic peace and stability in the world through a multilateral system. This is based and applied to member states, currently 162 countries, that have consented and ratified the rules of the WTO in their individual countries. Simply put, these documents act as contracts that provide the legal framework for conducting business among nations, integrating into a country 's domestic legal system, therefore, applying to local companies and nationals in the conduct of business internationally. For instance, if a company were to open an office or business in a foreign country, the rules of the WTO dictates how that can be done.1

Mercantilism was a sixteenth-century economic philosophy that maintained that a country's wealth was measured by its holdings of gold and silver (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). This recquired the countries to maximise the difference between its exports and imports by promoting exports and discouraging imports. The logic was transparent to sixteenth-century policy makers-if foreigners buy more goods from you than you buy from them, then the foreigners have to pay you the difference in gold and silver, enabling you to amass more treasure. With the treasure acquired the realm could build greater armies and navies and hence expand the nation’s global influence.

     On January 1, 1995, the WTO replaced GATT, which had been in existence since 1947, as the organization controlling the main trading system. The governments that had signed GATT were then called GATT contracting parties. When signing the new WTO agreements that had the updated GATT, which was called GATT 1994. These countries then

Global Trade is one of an essential activity that undertakes between two nations in a modern world (Buckley & Casson, 2016). It can be accessed not only by a wide range of product or service market but also accompanies competition through competitive advantage even though it is between countries like New Zealand and Australia. The international trade in these countries accompanies a total of 20-30% of GDP. However, the future growth rate of Australia and New Zealand is strong and opts to increase economic nationalism through the continuous balancing of policies, globalization and technology.