In general, low dosage Glucocorticoid therapy has minor side effects associated with it; however more serious side effects may also result from high dosage or prolonged administration.
Short-term side effects include:
• High blood pressure
• Glaucoma
• Diabetes
• stomach irritation
• an increase in cholesterol and triglycerides
• potassium deficiency
• agitation
• growth or increased growth of facial hair
• irritability and psychosis Long-term side effects include
• thinning of the bones
• cataracts
• avascular necrosis
• premature atherosclerosis
• Muscle weakness.
Examples of more serious side effects
Glycosuria
Glycosuria is a condition where detectable traces of glucose are found in the urine even when blood glucose concentration is
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These problems arise from increased pressure on the blood vessels, which put increased pressure on the arteries and an overall increased pressure on the heart. This may lead to a difficulty in controlling blood circulation and blood pressure throughout the bodily cells and organs.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma develops when a fluid called aqueous humour within the eyes cannot drain properly and pressure builds up, known as the intraocular pressure. Under normal circumstances, the fluid would be drained out of the eyes through tubes. This can damage the optic nerve and also the nerve fibres from the Retina. The Retina is the layer of light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones are weakened. It is a change in bone density resulting from an interference with the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and collagen turnover. Glucocorticoid therapy results in an increase in the activity of osteoclasts (which digest the bone matrix) and a reduction in osteoblast activity (which deposits bone matrix).
Juvenile Growth
mass due to loss of calcium and protein in the bones. A patient with osteoporosis has
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by structural deterioration of bone tissue and reduced bone mineral density(BMD). Consequences include increased pain, increased risk of fracture, loss of mobility, and death (Osteoporosis Canada 2014).
Osteoporosis is a condition when the bones become weak and brittle because the body loses
Osteoporosis is a condition involving the thinning of bones(bone demineralisation), leaving them brittle and more susceptible to fracture. 99% of calcium is stored in the bones, so sufficient calcium is important in order to maintain or reach peak bone mass(PBM). Osteoporosis mainly effects the older population, with 19.8 million people over the age of 50 in the UK.
Osteoporosis develops when the remodeling cycle, which is when the disruption of the bone resorption and bone formation occurs. The imbalance of the remodeling cycle causes osteoporosis. Hormones, cytokines, and paracrine stromal-cell interactions affect the osteoclast’s processes, which includes proliferation, maturation, fusion and activation. The osteoclasts are controlled by the interaction between several interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor-beta, prostaglandin E2 and hormones. The glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is related to increased destruction of osteocytes. Glucocorticoid increase receptor activator of nuclear factor ligand (RANKL) effect and inhibit osteoprotegerin (OPG) production through
Glaucoma is caused when fluid is overproduced and it can't flow out at its normal rate which causes pressure to build up.
Glaucoma is an eye disorder that cause severe blindness. There are multiple types of Glaucoma however, they all have something to do with damage to the optic nerve (usually form high eye pressure) that sends and receives information to the brain form the eye. Glaucoma can be a very dangerous disease although it is no fatal but it can contribute to the failure of one of the bodies most important senses which is blindness. In most cases, glaucoma is correlated with high pressure inside the eye (ocular hypertension),but it also can occur when intraocular pressure (IOP) is normal. If left untreated glaucoma first causes peripheral vision loss and eventually leads to total blindness.
Thank you for this information that you added on this assignment. The adrenal glands play an important role in the body, and they are located above the kidneys which secrete many hormones essential for the body's normal functions. People with adrenal insufficiency do not produce enough of two vital hormones, called cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol's most important function is to help the body respond to stress, such as surgery and illness, and recover from infections. Therefore, treatment of adrenal insufficiency results focuses on replacing or substituting those hormones “cortisol and aldosterone”. Cortisol deficiency is treated with replacement oral glucocorticoid medication. Prednisone or hydrocortisone is used most commonly. Fludrocortisone
Oral glucocorticoids exhibit a particular mechanism on bone that rapidly leads to bone loss and bone structure deterioration; thus, causing higher fracture risk. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis physiopathology is multifaceted and is distinct from aging and postmenopausal
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid does not produce enough of the hormones that are required to maintain metabolism (Harvard School of Medicine, 2007).
Conditions such as hypertension and coronary artery disease cause an increase in blood pressure. Blood pressure increases when arteries become narrow as a result of hardening or due to build up of fat deposits; both of which are major
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps (nof.org). This skeletal disease is characterized by the increase in the fragility of bones as a result of reduced bone mass density and the deformation of the structure of bone tissue (Angin,Erden,Can, 849). Many patients with osteoporosis are instructed by their doctor to exercise; as this will improve their rehabilitation of this disease and lessen the pain associated with it.
RA occurs in a patient biased on environmental conditions (smoking, microorganisms, stress) and/or genotypes (HLA-DR4 alleles, PTPN22, CTLA4, PAD14 and cytokines). These, though a variety of mechanisms, result inflammation and the clinical presentation. However, what I am interested in, is the pathways beyond this, the inflammatory processes that are targeted by corticosteroid therapy and how Mr MJ had such a remarkable reversal of symptoms with prednisone.
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that cause blindness by hurting the optic nerve, which is the large nerve that is responsible for vision. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is related to a change in the fluid pressure that circulates around the eyeball. In many cases, Glaucoma occurs when the eye's fluid pressure is high, but it can also occur when the pressure is measured as normal.
Has long-side effects depending on the doses you take. Taking too much doses of the cortisone injections can result to long-side effects.