Gmo Annotated Bibliography

“Sixty to seventy percent of all processed foods available on store shelves contain genetically modified ingredients”, according to George Erdosh and Marcia Amidon Lusted in “To GMO or not to GMO? Genetically engineered food has strong advocates and harsh critics.” Genetically modified organisms can be found in most conventional food processed in the United States., and gGenetic modification of crops is extremely common on classic Minnesotan farm plants, such as, corn and soybeans. They can also be found in papaya and zucchini, even animals such as cows and pig. In fact, the definition of (GMO) as reported by Alex K. Rich and Tom Warhol, authors of “Genetically Modified Foods: An Overview,””, is, “food in which, at some point during the production process molecules and proteins are chemically altered to give the food more nutrients, a better appearance, and a longer shelf life.” As a matter of fact, a majority of all the foods found at the grocery store are genetically altered. However, many people do not know what a genetic modification really is, or that the idea has been around for many years. GMOs are used to control pests and weeds. As the opposite of Non-GMO farming, this is accomplished by changing the genetic makeup of the plant, by using new technologies and techniques that allow for the use of specific chemicals.

“Sixty to seventy percent of all processed foods available on store shelves contain genetically modified ingredients”, according to George Erdosh and Marcia Amidon Lusted in “To GMO or not to GMO? Genetically engineered food has strong advocates and harsh critics.” Genetically modified organisms can be found in most conventional foods processed in the United States, and genetic modification of crops is extremely common on classic Minnesota farms. Crops such as corn and soybeans or even papaya and zucchini are viable for genetic modification. In fact, the definition of (GMO) as reported by Alex K. Rich and Tom Warhol, authors of “Genetically Modified Foods: An Overview,” is, “food in which, at some point during the production process molecules and proteins are chemically altered to give the food more nutrients, a better appearance, and a longer shelf life.” As a matter of fact, a majority of all the foods found at the grocery store are genetically altered. However, many people do not know what genetic modification really is, or that the idea has been around for many years. GMOs are used to control pests and weeds. Therefore, through changing the genetic makeup of the plant, modifications allow for advancements of new technologies that account for the applicability of specific chemicals, as opposed to dated Non-GMO farming techniques.

Hopkins, David W. et al. "Genetically Modified Lignin Below Ground". Nat Biotechnol 25.2 (2007): 168-169. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.

Genetically modified organisms also known as (GMOs) were introduced with good intentions, by Monsanto in the early 1990s. GMOs were created to help farmers increase crop productivity, by resisting pests and to reduce the weed in crops. Genetic modification alters the characteristics of the plant. This was done by extracting the DNA from the plant, then injecting new genes from other plants bacteria or animals. For example, when Monsanto genetically modifies strawberries so they stay can stay fresh for a longer period of time, and

The origin of GMOs started in 1982 by an experiment done by the United States Department of Agriculture, in which they changed the genes of a tomato plant. Commercial use of Genetically Engineered crops began in 1996 (Fernandez-Cornejo et al. pg 7). While developing Genetically Modified Organisms, scientists and researchers characterized the types of Genetically Engineered crop traits into

American farmers work hard every day to cultivate food for consumption by the people. In order to produce enough food farmers employ many tactics within the cultivation of these products. Genetically modified organisms, known more commonly to the public as simply GMOs, is any organism who’s DNA has been changed from the original. Farmers oftentimes grow crops which are considered to be genetically modified to produce greater quantities of crops more efficiently than a non-GMO plant would. Genetically modified organisms are a way for the small percentage of American farmers to be able to feed as many people as possible, but some mislead individuals claim GMO's can negatively affect the public's health.

Genetic modified organisms, or GMOs, are living organisms that, through the genetic engineering process, have been altered to withstand certain chemicals and increase the nutritional value of the product. In fact, the majority of the foods found at the grocery store are genetically altered. Genetic modification is becoming increasingly popular on farms throughout the United States and moving into other parts of the world due to their increasing yield capabilities and pest and weed control. However, this has been, and continues to be, an extremely controversial topic of discussion in the world of agriculture and biotechnology, as well as health food critics, because of potential environmental and health risks.

In the past 20 to 30 years, the production of genetically modified food has caused an uproar in the scientific community. Genetically modified food or, GMOs are organisms that have been altered to where its DNA contains one or more genes that did not originate in that specific organism. GMOs were created to help the production of crops and to make food healthier for consumers by adding vitamins and nutrients. While some people believe that GMOs are unsafe and should be banned, I believe that GMOs are extremely beneficial to the agriculture around the world.

the rise in advanced technology, Genetically Modified Foods were engineered and created. Not only were they new in the sense that it provided an easier source of growing, but it also brought ,with it, a new controversy across the world. Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) are created by moving a gene from one animal to another. An example of this would be moving the gene of an Icefish to a tomato to give the tomato a longer shelf life. GMOs were intended to help increase food production and help foods last longer however, GMOs have become very controversial because of their potential health and environmental effects. GMOs could have detrimental effects on the population and on the Earth.

What are Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs? “GMOs are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE” (Clendaniel). The genetic modification of food is defined as essentially, “any change to the heritable traits of an organism achieved by intentional manipulation,” or more specifically, “recombinant DNA technology, which is the process of removing individual genes form one organism and transplanting them into another organism” (MacDonald and Whellams 181; Kirby 352). This genetic modification or gene splicing is the basis for modern bioengineering. With ever-growing populations the need for food, now more than ever, is in great demand; along with environmental issues related to climate change, bioengineering has been the answer to a multitude of global tribulations. Scientist have created “drought resistant corn and soybeans,” rice with increased nutrients, and “pest resistant plants” (Kirsch 21). It is evident that growing food with GMOs can result in increased availability of crops that are naturally resistant to insects. Along with this, “The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations reports that some GMO foods have been engineered to be more nutritious in terms of mineral or vitamin

According to Wikipedia, the terms "Genetically modified foods, GM foods or genetically engineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering as opposed to traditional cross breeding (“Genetically”). In 1994, the company Calgene created the first genetically modified tomato called the Flavr Savr. The Flavr Savr was created with the purpose of slowing down the process of ripening while still keeping the tomato in an appealing form. In 2011, the United States became the country with the most available genetically modified foods in the world. The growth in production of genetically engineered foods has caused great controversy not only in the United States but also around the globe. Many people are proponents of GM foods because of all the benefits they deliver, but others oppose them due to their potential negative effects (“Genetically Modified Foods”, Wikipedia).

Producers have been manipulating DNA in the reproduction of their products before Gregor Mendel founded the modern understanding of genetics. Thus, genetically modified organisms -GMOs- are simply more advanced hybrids. The World Health organization defines GMOs as organisms in which their genetic information has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally (Blair, 2015). The controversy regarding genetically modified organisms has been prevalent not only in the agricultural community, but academic conversation as well. Although many organizations and individuals claim genetically modified organisms are malicious to human health as well as the environment, they are indeed the basis for healthy, sustainable agriculture that not only provide a quality product for the consumer, but a safe and nutritious product as well.

For decades, scientists and researchers have studied genes and have successfully altered them to produce organisms with desired traits such as resistance to pests and a higher yield to feed the human population. What are genetically modified foods you may ask? The technical term is genetically modified organism or GMO. A GMO is an organism’s genome that has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering so that it’s DNA contains one or more genes that are not normally found (Genetically Modified Organism, 2017). Will GM Foods feed the human population for years to come or is it a significant health risk? Let’s look more into the facts of GM foods and how they are produced to better understand the controversy over GMO production.

There are few topics that are more controversial in our country than the production of genetically modified plants for human consumption. Genetically modified plants are created through transgenic processes that rely on recombinant DNA technology. This is a process in which farmers and crop growers are able to incorporate genetic material that would not normally be innate to the composition of the plant. There are several reasons that this represents a valuable process for farmers. A crop could be made to be grow more resistant to bad weather, destructive illnesses, or bugs and other natural phenomena that hinder the harvest each year. By using recombinant DNA, farmers are able to disrupt natural processes in order to

Transgenic or Genetically Modified (GM) crops are plants used in agriculture that have been genetically modified using recombinant DNA technology. The aim for GM plants/crops is to express a gene or a trait that is not found in the species of the plant. The scientist that modify the plants insert a foreign gene into the plant’s original DNA. As a result to the modification, the plant receives characteristics within the genetic code. Most, GM plants become resistant to pesticides, however there are other variables within transgenic crops. Since the genes of humans, plants, and bacteria are all created from the same genetic material; scientist have a variety of genes to choose from, when modifying.