God Me, Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya 's Bless Me

Matthew Restall, a Professor of Latin American History, Women’s Studies, and Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University. He also serves the Director of the university’s Latin Studies. Throughout “Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest,” he discusses many false truths that have been passed down through history. For instance, he discusses, “The Myth of Exceptional Men.” “The Myth of Spanish Army,” and “The Myth of Completion.” For the sake of time, I will discuss three myths that correlate with class lectures and serve as the topic of this paper, “The Myth of Exceptional Men,” “The Myth of the King’s Army,” and the “Myth of the White Conquistador.” It should be noted that Restall speaks to his audience assuring us that his “...his purpose is not to degenerate this technique of historical writing completely...Nor do I mean to create a narrative in which individual action is utterly subordinated to the larger structural forces and causes of social change.” (4). He states that his intentions are to react to more than just the works of Columbus, Pizzaro, and Cortez.

The film “The Mission” (1986) was written by Robert Bolt and directed by Roland Joffe. It explores the various relationships distinguished between Spanish Jesuits and Indian (Guarani) civilization situated along the borders of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil around 1750. Although, as stated in the beginning of the movie that “The Mission” is “based on true historical events”, Bolt and Joffe distort the portrayal of the Guarani and Jesuit relationships. This essay will examine the distortions of the Guarani tribe and the inaccurate “historical” events that took place within the movie.

In “Bless me, Ultima” Rudolfo Anaya created pathos throughout the story with different techniques. Pathos is a form of convincing the readers of an argument and forming an emotional response. Rudolfo Anaya uses three techniques to create pathos, he uses a pathetic situation, actual life, and goth and grotesque. A pathetic situation creates emotional response with a well-developed character. Actual life is created by the writer making the reader feel as if there in the position of the character or see it happening around in real life.

Restall answers his own questions present in the introduction by focusing each chapter on a different myth. Chapter one discusses that the men who partook in conquest were valiant, rich, and outstanding. This idea gives credit to both the Spanish interpretation and the beautifully rugged men cast in Hollywood adaptations. The author notes, additionally, that the myth

For the longest time, Americans have celebrated Columbus day, commemorating the admiral’s supposed discovery of America. But, in “The Inconvenient Indian”, Thomas King shatters this idea and develops a new thought in the mind of the reader about natives. By using excellent rhetoric and syntax, King is able to use logos, ethos and pathos in his chapter “Forget Columbus”, where he develops the argument that the stories told in history aren’t always a true representation of how it actually happened.

During the 1960’s, the Civil Rights Movement wasn’t the only one occurring. Struggling to assimilate into American culture, and suppressed by social injustices convicted by their Anglo counterparts, the Chicano movement was born. In the epic poem “I am Joaquin” written by Rodolfo Gonzales in 1969, we dive into what it means to be a Chicano. Through this poem, we see the struggles of the Chicano people portrayed by the narrator, in an attempt to grasp the American’s attention during the time of these movements. Hoping to shed light on the issues and struggles the Chicano population faced, Gonzales writes this epic in an attempt to strengthen the movement taking place, and to give Chicanos a sense of belonging and solidarity in this now

In my analysis of this novel, The Adventure of Don Chipote or, When Parrots Breast-Feed by Daniel Venegas, I kept in mind that Nicolás Kanellos put great effort into getting this novel circulated in Spanish and in English. Kanellos argues that Spanish-language immigrant novels more accurately present the “evils” of American society such as oppression of the immigrant workers and deconstructs the myth of the American Dream, which permeates in English-language ethnic autobiographies. I believe Kanellos felt so passionately about circulating this particular novel was due to the fact that in Venegas’ novel we see clear representations of the three U.S. Hispanic cultures that Kanellos presents which are the native, the immigrant, and the exile cultures.

To find one's identity can be a struggle for many; however author Rudolfo Anaya takes on that struggle to explain what it means to find yourself in his Mexican-American literature, Bless Me, Ultima. Rudolfo Anaya uses the theme of Identity and enlightenment and many other themes through the young protagonist Antonio Marez. Anaya is able to illustrate the journey and hardships of finding out who you are through the eyes of a child. Using the personal development of character and plot, he is able to build connection with the reader and story of the main character's coming of age. The novel is also based on the Anaya's actual childhood. At the same time, the novel shows many elements of fantasy and magic, with the myth of the Golden Carp, the

A clear theme in Bless Me, Ultima is Antonio’s struggle to find who he is amidst two sides of himself: the Lunas and the vaqueros. He fears for his future, where he believes he will have to decide between the two parts of himself, and inevitably disappoint one half of the people in his life. He fears what his life will be. He fears the river. This all changes when Ultima arrives. She teaches him to love the presence of the river, and to love his life however it may come. She shows him that the river is the lifeblood of the herbs she uses to heal and save, and that he can use his life to help others as well. But her spirit, in the owl, also shows him that life, and the river, can be very dangerous (Anaya, 14).

In the book “Bless Me Ultima,” by Rodolfo Anaya, the role of duality goes very into depth with its many controversial topics. Some of these topics include the contrast between Catholicism and indigenous mysticism, good witchcraft and evil witchcraft, and men and women. Since Antonio must struggle to find his own identity and place he must battle between his family, beliefs, and self. This can be seen between his parents, who’s frequently conflicting views make it difficult for Antonio to accept either of their belief systems, his struggles between the English and Spanish language, and how evil and good affected his innocence.

	In Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima, the author uses Tony's dreams as a way of displaying various symbols. Three symbols that are used often are weather, water, and the Golden Carp. Weather is used to represent conflict. Water represents cleansing, and rejuvenation. The Golden Carp symbolizes religion and Tony's beliefs. Because dreams are a not an exact mirror of reality, they become the perfect tool for introducing symbolism. The author uses the dream as a way to access the recurring themes of the book.

Sandra Cisneros’s short story “Never Marry a Mexican” deals heavily with the concept of myth in literature, more specifically the myth La Malinche, which focuses on women, and how their lives are spun in the shadows on men (Fitts). Myths help power some of the beliefs of entire cultures or civilizations. She gives the reader the mind of a Mexican-American woman who seems traitorous to her friends, family and people she is close to. This causes destruction in her path in the form of love, power, heartbreak, hatred, and an intent to do harm to another, which are themes of myth in literature. The unreliable narrator of this story was created in this story with the purpose to show her confusion and what coming from two completely different

Once Antonio plummets into the world of unknowns he feels as if “God was not always forgiving. He made laws to follow and if you broke them you were punished.” (Anaya 44) Antonio’s religious ambivalence begins to consume him and begs the question of what is real and what is not. Antonio’s friend Samuel introduced him to the story of a god who loved his people so much he sacrificed his being to protect them. Antonio was baffled knowing that the God he used to believe in would punish. “His (Samuel) voice was strong with faith. It made me shiver, not because it was cold but because the roots of everything I had ever believed in seemed shaken. If the golden carp was a god, who was the man on the cross? The Virgin? Was my mother praying to the wrong God?” (Anaya 81) This experience with the carp radically changes Antonio as he questions the limits of Catholicism. This is a powerful moment for Antonio never questioned the Virgin’s forgiving soul. In fact, it was probably the image of the Virgin that kept

Similarly, Joseph Sommers notes that the characters in the works of both Lopez y Fuentes and Magdaleno are overly simplified to stress the dichotomy between the poor and privileged. Authors greatly restrict the actions of the Indigenous community within the novel. In “Literatura e Historia: Las Contradicciones Ideologic as de la Ficcion Indigenista,” like Barry, Sommers focuses heavily on the stereotypical immorality and greed of the religious institutions in the Indigenista novel. He argues that indigenista writers played on the exploitation of the Indian at the hands of the Church so to manipulate the reader’s emotions. As mentioned in the articles of Mate, Barry, Sommers, and again in Boyd Carter’s “The Mexican Novel at Mid-Century,” Lopez y Fuentes portrays the Church as having orphaned the Indians in their time of need. This left the Indians with a feeling of hopelessness, as, according to Boyd, they only had heaven to look forward to. Abandonment of the Church left the Indian population feeling lost without direction. In essence, the Church took away their ability to hope for a better tomorrow.

The article “One Hundred Years of Solitude, Indigenous Myth, and Meaning” by Jay Corwin argues that the key elements of the story are the parallels with Colombian mythologies and not the Old Testament, which has been mostly exclusively Western (Corwin 112). Jay Corwin states “Disambiguation of the novel 's re-creation of authentic Colombian mythologies and rituals may lead to a clearer understanding of the novel 's themes and ultimately its meanings, thus clarifying its implicit criticism of the rejection of identity” (Corwin 112). To understand the novel, Corwin does an effective job on explaining the parallels with Colombian myths, so that the readers could understand the criticism of One Hundred Years of Solitude.