Section 2- With reference to the cross examinations at Nuremberg, was Goering’s successful indictment as a war criminal a more a result of a weakness in his defense strategy or because of the strengths of the prosecution case?
The trial and conviction of Hermann Goering, Hitler’s chosen successor, at Nuremberg was arguably one of the most significant amongst them all due to the tremendous amount of influence that he had over the German people (Taylor, 78). From Overy’s perspective, the success of the entire trial depended on Goering’s cross-examinations, making them one of the most decisive pieces in the trials, more than any other events that may have occurred outside the interrogations (Overy-Nazis on Trial), mostly because they had the
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According to his psychologist, Gustave Gilbert, he adopted a rather well-planned out humorous attitude towards the other defendants which was said to be an attempt to be presented as an amiable character who meant no harm (Nazis on Trial). However, when interacting with the prosecutors, he took on a more arrogant and sarcastic approach as an attempt to provoke the interrogators and to make their conclusions more difficult to obtain (Taylor, 98). This tactic of defense was visible as the first cross-examiner, Mr. Justice Jackson initiated the interrogation process. With the intention to exploit the defendant’s vanity and set him up for failure, Jackson proceeded to employing this first tactic by starting the conversation with the phrase, “You are perhaps aware that you are the only living man who can expound to us the true purposes of the Nazi Party and the inner workings of its leadership?” (cross examinations transcript). After which, he proceeded to questioning him about their government structures and the abolishment of democracy. These tactics proved ineffective as Goering managed to answer each statement with very succinct justifications; in one case even quoting president Roosevelt in stating that, “Certain peoples in Europe have forsaken democracy, not because they did not wish for democracy as such, but because democracy had brought forth men who were too weak to give their people work and bread, and to satisfy them” (Hermann Goering). Seeing as his initial tactic did not succeed in proving anything, Jackson went on to confronting Goering directly with documented evidence (Taylor, 103). In one example, he displayed a document showing that Germany was undergoing certain preparations for a move towards the Rhineland (George, 63), where he asked the defendant whether those were military preparations for invasion, to which Goering replied, “Those were general preparations for mobilization, such as
He demonstrates this by telling “Let me go! I’ll kill him! I’ll kill him!” after another juror tried to go against his thoughts and prove him wrong. Moreover, this excerpt alse exposes the he is a profoundly bitter, stubborn, and furious man.
The Eichmann trial reveals a lot about the strengths and limitations of the “the trial” to achieve justice in such cases. The reason of a trial is to render justice; even the ethical of underlying motives, as mentioned in the novel, “the making of a record of the Hitler regime which the withstand the test of history… Nuremburg Trials, can only detract the laws main business: to weigh the charges brought against the accused, to render judgement, and to mete out due punishment” (253). The judgement in the Eichmann case, whose first two sections had been written in respond to the better cause idea as it was changed into expanded both inside and outside the out room, could not have been clearer in this respect. As proven in the novel, it states
Justice Robert Jackson was faced with a number of difficulties when he was tasked with the job as the US justice at Nuremberg. He faced the daunting task of trying to bring justice to over a decade’s worth of crimes and wars, which spanned and entire continent, in one tribunal. Before the proceedings began he knew many of the challenges he would have to overcome and that he would have a difficult road ahead of him. He had to create a workable procedure for the trail as well as define the laws, rules, and procedures that would be used when conducting the Nuremberg trials.
The tribunal was begun by asking the four defendants whether they were guilty or not, and they replied no. The prosecutor, Colonel Lawson, accused that they were guilty as they were part of NAZI’s
Jackson’s argument on the Nuremberg trails is valid because what the Nazis had done to the world were acts against humanity. In his essay Jackson uses excellent connotation, parallel structure, and capitalization to show emphasis on the importance of the issue in his writing. In the second paragraph of the essay it strongly shows negative connotation. For example, in paragraph 2 he wrote that law shall not stop with the punishment of “petty crimes by little people”. Showing that Jackson believes that what the Nazis had done was foolish and childish.
This article is about how the prosecutor Robert Jackson and other attorneys established accountability for the war crimes committed during the Holocaust throughout the Nuremberg Trials. Although this was a terrible time, I admire Jackson because he had to combine the legal systems of 4 different countries. Not only did he combine the systems and prosecute the criminals of the Holocaust, he did it successfully without a degree! I have always admired the ability of a lawyer to find evidence like a detective and display it with ease like an actor in the spotlight. However,I think Robert Jackson should have used more testimonies. I understand that by law documents(which he used a lot of) are more reliable, but personal stories are more effective in the eyes of a jury or council.
Because supernatural can cause fear to the people in the town, witchcraft or relationships with the devil can lead to being hanged. This town truly believes in magic and panics when they hear about it. Since the play The Crucible takes place in 1692, nobody knows better and it’s a time where everyone is super religious. So when someone betrays the church, everyone jumps in and don’t play around when it comes to that. But they’re still scared for their lives.
The Nuremburg Trials of 1945 were some of the most controversial military tribunals to be held in the 20th century. In the trials, Nazi war criminals were put on trial for the atrocities they committed against the Jewish population of Germany. When asked why they had committed such acts of horror, many of the Nazi soldiers attested by saying that they were under orders to do so. The trials questioned the motives behind instances of mass human torment which have led many scientists and psychologists to strive to understand the rationality behind human obedience. Two of these psychologists, Theodore Dalrymple and Erich Fromm explored the instances in which disobedience and obedience to authority should be applied. Fromm wrote his article
Although a lot of evidence was really convincing, he tried to prove it unconvincing and use sarcasm to convince other jurors otherwise. One example of #7 using sarcasm would be this quote: "Why don't we have them run the trial over..." I think this quote clearly shows that juror #7 is trying to convince other jurors, that court's evidence proves the young man is guilty without reasonable doubt. Also to break #8's spirit he used name calling, another kind of peer pressure. I believe this is a very good example: "The boy is guilty pal, like the nose on your face." The third and last juror I picked was #8, he was not using sarcasm, nor was he muscle flexing, he was using reasonable argument, which helped him convince all the jurors that the young man was innocent. He did not try to convince anybody by screaming at him, on the contrary he tried to go over all the evidence, and he was using intelligent thinking, like trying to calculate exact times, and figure out the correct position of the switch-blade in the chest of the father. He was also trying to recreate a situation to see if indeed one of the witnesses on the stand was lying.
"The sort of person that Eichmann appeared to be did not square either with the deeds for which he was being tried or with the traditional preconceptions about the kind of person who does evil" (Geddes). Throughout the trial, Arendt is conflicted by what she wants to seen when she analyzes Eichmann, and struggles greatly when she finds he does not embody the crude and inhumane thoughts she associated with the history of the Holocaust. It is this absence of the profound hatred of Jews, along with the normalcy he possesses, that creates the emblematic role of banal evil for Adolf Eichmann.
Walt Whitman once said, “The dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.” Between the years 2000 and 2009 a total of 3200 books were challenged in school libraries in an attempt to expurgate, or censor, the content in books provided to students. Today the trend of censorship continues as popular novels such as The Hunger Games, The Fault in Our Stars, and Captain Underpants are censored from schools across the nation (Challenges by Reason).Censorship in regards to literature refers to the examination and suppressing of a book because of objectionable material. The process of censorship in school libraries often begins with an outspoken parent, teacher, student, or administrator and ends in the
In “Eichmann in Jerusalem,” Hannah Arendt analyzes Adolph Eichmann while he is on trial in Jerusalem for the crimes that he committed while being a Lieutenant Colonel in the SS during the Nazi Regime. In the book Arendt talks about how Eichmann’s actions were “banal” in the sense that he seemed to be an ordinary person who just committed acts that were evil. Italian-Jewish Writer Primo Levi, a Holocaust Survivor, states that SS officers like Eichmann lived in their own self-deception that made them believe that their actions were caused by just following their orders in the SS. In this paper, I will analyze the views that both Arendt and Levi had about the Eichmann trial and then compare and state the differences of their views. I will then explain the reasons why both Hannah Arendt’s and Primo Levi’s analysis of Adolph Eichmann that show that the actions that he committed were all truly evil actions.
One of the best training programs to implement into the police department is the Reid interrogation techniques. Interrogation and interviewing techniques became popular in 1947 by John E. Reid and Associates. Joseph P. Buckley stated that “The Reid Technique of Interviewing and Interrogation is now the most widely used approach to question subjects in the world (Buckley P. J., 2000).” There three- parts to the Reid process for solving a crime. The first stage that should be taking is to collect and analyze relative information from the crime scene thing that offers insight to the possible suspect and determine the direction an investigation should take. The second stage of the process interviewing people of interest using Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) (Buckley P. J., 2000). The Behavior Analysis Interview is a non-accusatory process that allows detectives to interview a suspect using a question and answer procedure to provoke a suspect to show non- verbal truthfulness or deception. The third stage, if the offender has not admitted to the crime an accusatory interrogation is administered (Leave no marks, 2007). The Reid interrogation technique is believed to be a fail proof technique ,however, there are some reservations against using this technique on juvenile offenders (Constitutional Law(n.d). Implementing the Reid technique into the police departments learning curriculum will truly
In today’s world, people think that all women and men workers around the world are being payed equally, but as some people know that is not a case. Most of the time when people think about work they think about paid work. All around the world some mothers or women choose their job as a domestic worker, which is categorized as salary workers. Salary workers are people who works as an employee in companies, stores or another people’s house and get paid for a specific period of time. The reason women take this domestic work as a job because they have to take care of the family during earning money such as take care of their child and make meal for family.
The automatic temperature control system is a very essential feature of a factory or an industry. In most of the case the temperature plays a vital role in the process of manufacturing or the process carried in that factory or industry.