Goiter Disease Endocrine System

Now looking back at it all she may have been trying to diagnose me for goiters. A goiter is swelling and may be harmful. Goiters illustrate an iodine deficiency, and may also connect to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis a thyroid inflammation. http://www.webmd.com/women/picture-of-the-thyroid

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hormones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the “master gland.” It is a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain which, among others, makes thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. With Hashimoto’s disease, the thyroid cells are damaged resulting in the inability to make enough thyroid

Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto identified four patients with similar characteristics such as: “diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis, parenchymal atrophy, and eosinophilic change in some of the acinar cells.” Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis often presents a painless yet enlarged thyroid gland, called a goiter. Hashimoto’s disease was often misdiagnosed and often found by either surgery or a thyroidectomy, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013)

A goiter, nodules, or growths may be found during a physical exam, and symptoms may suggest hypothyroidism.

TSH not only stimulates the thyroid gland to churn out more hormones. If in excess, can cause overwhelming cell growth and division to result in goiter.

The health care provider ordered blood work that included thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and radioactive iodine uptake to confirm the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The labs returned with an elevated level of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, while the thyroid-stimulating hormone was decreased. There was also an

In the late 1900s graves’ disease was referred to the newspapers as exophthalmic goiter. The earliest it has ever been known was 1879, the Chester Pennsylvania’s Daily Times reported that a Dr. Pepper had 70 patients he had been working on. In 1902 Florence Beckel traveled to New York to see a specialist. As reported from Berlin by The New York Times in 1913, “It was not so many years ago when a diagnosis of exophthalmic goiter was equivalent to a death sentence.” The poor survival rate motivated doctors to seek new treatments, and many doctors thought they found it in X-rays’ 50 percent higher success rate (Gleason, T. (n.d.). A Short History of Graves' Disease Reporting in North American Newspapers. Retrieved August 20, 2014.) The pharmacology for this disease is radioactive iodine therapy and anti-thyroid medications such as propylthiouracil and methimazole (Tapazole). Beta blockers such as propranolol (Inderal), atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL), and Nadolol (Corgard). For non-pharmacology Surgery is the best way to help remove that thyroid. What I found most interesting is the history part of it. What I learned is that if affects women and it can be fatal if left untreated. Staff, M. (2014,

Signs of a problem with the thyroid gland are swelling in the thyroid area of the neck which may or may not be painful. There may also be an enlargement of the thyroid. The doctor will palpate (feel) the throat for swelling or nodules (lumps) on the thyroid gland. Upon scanning the thyroid gland, lumps or nodules could appear which may or may not be cancerous. These nodules can occur in any age group, but most occur in people as they age. The lump may be solid of full of liquid (cystic).

Dietary approaches: In marginally iodine deficiency areas, decreasing goitrogen level is important to prevent precipitating iodine deficiency disorder. E.g. cassava has thiocyanate which can act as goitrogen and suppress thyroid level. We can remove the isocyanates by soaking the

A thyroid nodule is an isolated growth of thyroid cells that forms a lump in your thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland. It is found in the lower front of your neck. This gland sends chemical messengers (hormones) through your blood to all parts of your body. These hormones are important for regulating your body temperature and helping your body use energy. Thyroid nodules are common. Most are not cancerous (benign). You may have one or several nodules.

Thyroid nodules are lumps in the thyroid often called adenomas. These adenomas are quite common affecting around seven percent our countries population. These lumps on the thyroid can become very active and thus produce a large amount of thyroid hormone. In some cases hyperthyroidism is brought on by consuming too much medication that treats an underactive thyroid.

Both hypo and hyperthyroidism are a result of a disease in caused by malfunction of the thyroid gland located in the neck as represented by the image below left. The causes of chronic hypothyroidism are fairly distinct. Around the world in third-world and developing countries, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. This used to be true as well for developed countries, but today this is a less common cause as iodine usually finds its way into our diets without too much trouble. In modern-day developed countries, hypothyroidism is mainly a result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a birth defect which lacks a thyroid gland or a deficiency of hormones from either the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland.

Furthermore, graves disease is caused by the circulation of IgG antibodies that bind to and activate the G-Protein-coupled thyrotropin receptor (Brent, Gregory A. par 3). This will cause the thyroid to enlarge because it stimulates hypertrophy and hyperplasia. This will also cause an increase in thyroid hormone

Toxic nodular goiters are nodules that secrete thyroid hormones independent of TSH stimulation. They are usually benign follicular adenomas. Nodules larger than about 3 cm can cause a thyrotoxic crisis, also known as thyroid storm. This is a life threatening emergency; death is rare if treatment is initiated early and vigorously.

A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is distinguishable from the adjacent parenchyma. Sonographic examination of enlarged nodular thyroids, demonstrated that 66% had multiple nodules, whereas 34% had single nodules. Among these single nodules, 85%–90% were proved to be benign. Adenomatous nodules represent most of benign thyroid nodules (80%), whereas the remaining benign nodules consisted of adenoma, cyst, and focal thyroiditis (1).