Gomco Case

An injection with anesthetics or a cream for pain is used first. To distract the infant, sometimes sugar water is also used. Research also shows that there may be a difference in pain when a Mogen clamp is used instead of Gomco. These clamps are common tools used to hold the foreskin away from the tip of the penis so that your doctor can make a neat cut and reduce any harm to the head of the

Male circumcision has long been a debate with decisions based on cultural, ethnic, religious and social preference of the parent. There are both benefits and risks associated with the procedure of male circumcision. The procedure involves the removal of some or, the entire foreskin around the penis. Neonatal circumcision is rising among English speaking countries and it is known now that more than 80% of the male population has been circumcised. (CDC, 2006) This number is rising however; studies show that there is insufficient evidence to recommend neonatal circumcision as a routine decision. (AAP, 2006). Many debates of this procedure relate to the benefits versus the risk and medical costs that the procedure entails. This paper

The pain that the infants experience has a significant and lasting impact. In addition to the acute pain and stress experienced while in the NICU, there are lasting effects of these procedures for the patients. According to Grunau, et al. (2013):

Today, the surgery is normally performed as an out patent procedure, within the first week of a healthy birth. It is performed with or without local anesthesia (rarely with a general anesthesia with infants due to complications), by an OB/GYN, Urologist, Family Physician, or Pediatrician. There are multiple options on how to have the elective surgery performed and no matter which method is used it could take as little as 12 minutes or as much as 20 minutes. Generally, there is little discomfort after the first 24 hours and very little after care to be performed. One just keeps the area clean with water and monitors for any tell-tell signs of infection until the tip of the penis is healed. Most circumcised men never complain of a lack of sensation, residual pain, or hold memory of the

Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated,

The topic of the infant male circumcision is a controversial subject in the United States. This procedure involves a non-reversible surgical procedure that removes the prepuce, commonly called the foreskin, thus exposing the glans of the penis (Blank, et al., 2012). Currently this is considered a cosmetic procedure per surgical standards, and is performed upon the request of the parents of the newborn. The decision to have a circumcision performed is usually based upon personal, cultural, and religious factors. However, the overall view of the impact of the procedure on the newborn infant varies in our country, and has led to two conflicting camps of ideology. The pro-circumcision movement focuses on the potential health benefits gained of a circumcision, and feels it is a necessary procedure. The anti-circumcision movement claims there are no health benefits and that the procedure violates the fundamental human rights of the infant (Collier, 2012). Following extensive research, I have found that there is evidence-based proof that circumcision improves the overall health of the male newborn, with prolonged health benefits into adulthood. Circumcisions provide the health benefits of decreased rates of urinary tract infections(UTIs), reduced transmission of sexually transmitted disease, prevention of phimosis, and improved penile hygiene (Blank, et al., 2012, Marx & Lawton, 2008, Morris, Bailis, & Wiswell, 2014).

Circumcision is considered "normal" in America, but what if it isn't as normal as we think? Did you know that most of the world does not participate in this practice? Here are some reasons why, if you have a baby boy, you should reconsider getting him circumcised.

According to The Columbia Encyclopedia (2012), circumcision is a surgical procedure for removing the foreskin that covers the head (also known as glans) of the penis. Circumcision is practiced widely in the Middle East and other parts of the world with Jewish and Muslim populations. The practice is a part of Jewish religious practices while it is a traditional practice among the Muslims. Circumcision has also been common in the United States although it has declined considerably in recent decades. Circumcision is administered to infant boys while this is not mandatory in the cultures where it is practiced. Local anesthesia

Neonates were once thought to be too developmentally immature to experience pain, it has been now understood that neonates even if very premature are able to process pain sensations and respond to that pain (Boyle, 2011). Although it is now understood that neonates can sense pain, it has been found that procedures have not changed to adequately address pain in the neonate. It has been found that pain in neonates that is over a long period or multiple acute pain experiences has long term effects on how pain is perceived into childhood (Boyle, 2011). One intervention that has been found to decrease pain experienced by a neonate is sucrose. It has been found that sucrose takes about two minutes to take effect and provides an analgesic

In the USA, newborn male circumcision is a very common procedure, three-quarters of American men are circumcised. Though the rate of infant circumcision has always been high in the USA, the number varies depending on the State, “Circumcision rates vary wildly across the country - from more than 80% of newborns in states including Nebraska, Iowa, Wisconsin and Kentucky, to around 20% on the West coast, according to some calculations” (Hebblethwaite, C.,2012, August 21). However, in other countries, such as The UK, rates dropped after the National Health Service (NHS) rules that circumcisions was not medically necessary, so it would not be covered. In 1948 one-third of UK men were circumcised and now about 9% of men are. On the other hand, countries

of circumcised male infants (this colonization decreases in both groups after the first 6 months."(Pedatrics 2012)

Before today, I had not put a lot of thought into the issue of male circumcision; I did already know that male circumcision was important to some religions because I myself was religious and have seen it mentioned in the Bible. However, I assumed that most male infants in the United States were circumcised for one reason or another; I also did not know males would get circumcised after infancy too, like in the video. Today, through reading the article about the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) fact sheet, I would agree that male circumcision is beneficial for infant males.

Because there is no conclusive evidence regarding the overall benefits versus risks of circumcision, more and more Jewish mothers are opting out of a procedure that inflicts pain on their child. In addition to the pain of circumcision, many mothers are concerned about the emotional effect circumcision will have later in life. Should a boy grow up and decide he does not want to be Jewish, having been circumcised may cause emotional discomfort or even body dysmorphia. Dana Edell, a Jewish mother who opted out of circumcising her son, said in an interview, “I knew that I wanted to raise my child Jewish and in a Jewish home. And yet I’m also a feminist and activist, and believe very strongly in the right to your own body” (Greenberg, 2017).

Some of the short term or immediate effects are bleeding and hemorrhaging, which can cause some women to bleed to death. Infection, which can happen no matter the circumstance, were the wound is infected and a abscess forms causing a host of other problems including death. The female may also experience pain both during the female circumcision, were generally no anesthesia is used, and after when you have to urinate on open wounds. Lastly but certainly not least the trauma from being held down to have the procedure and have a piece of what makes you a women taken away from you. Some of the long term effects include problems going to the bathroom, especially for those we were only left with a small opening to urinate or for the passing of menstrual blood, type 3 female circumcision. Not being able to have sex, gynecological health issues, and increased risk of STDs are also among the long term effects along with problems conceiving, carrying, and laboring a child. Womenshealth.org reported saying “ Infertility rates among women who have had FGC are as high as 25 to 30 percent and are mostly related to problems with being able to achieve sexual intercourse. The scar that covers the vagina makes this very difficult. Once pregnant, a woman can have drawn out labor, tears, heavy bleeding, and infection during delivery…” In addition to the many other health concerns regarding female circumcision it also can cause psychological and emotional stress. Since this procedure is generally done on females under 10 they do not fully understand there cultures reason or belief behind them doing such a procedure causing them in the future to have problems sleeping, anxiety, and

Also with any surgery being done they're risks of infection and severe bleeding. According to Krill, Palmer & Palmer (2011), displays studies that were conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital, experienced a 7.4% of circumcision complications; for example out of 5,521 procedures done 23 demonstrated complications with the Plastibell device (Complications section, para 1&2). Studies imply that the device choice can contribute to the risk factors relating to circumcision