Gonadotropin Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Jillian Greenwood ADS 4613 10-24-2016 Seasonal changes in reproductive behavior and spermatogenesis in the stallion Horses are polyestrous, seasonal breeders with mid-summer foaling and mating seasons in late spring. Breeding occurs when the mare experiences photoperiod, which is the exposure to daylight within a 24 hour period. As a result, the mare becomes receptive, and the stallion becomes more dominate. Testosterone increases which promotes increased reproductive behavior, spermatogenesis

the pituitary must respond to continuously changing signals from the central nervous system gonads and provide the quick responses. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is comprised of major hormones, including gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and operate through both positive and negative feedback loops in mammals.1 When toxicants affect any part of this axis’s function, either by altering cellular activity or the signals themselves

A female patient, age nineteen, going to her gynecologist for assistance in fertility. The patient reported trying to conceive for approximately six months with no success, also reporting no previous pregnancies of any kind. When asked about consistency of her menstrual cycle, the patient reported that she had only four or five cycles a year. Patient also discussed occasional abrupt pain in the pelvic/pubic area. The pain reached an eight on the pain scale, but normally did not last for more than

Assignment I Hans Selye was an endocrinologist who was considered the first scientist to study the effects of stress on homeostasis (6). He worked for John Hopkins, McGill University, and the University of Montreal (14). He first described his theory on general adaptation in 1936 and introduced the concepts of eustress and distress (6). According to Selye’s theory, stress is any factor that threatens homeostasis in an individual (6). He reasoned that there must be a generalized stress response without

naturally occurring luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). It possesses greater biological potency than the natural hormone, which when introduced into the systemic circulation induces the release of luteinizing (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary (Schally et al., 1971). It is the blood-borne messenger between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary, which controls reproductive function. LHRH is a decapeptide hormone (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-GlyLeu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH

the level of KISS1 mRNA and that of KISS1 receptor Kiss1r in the hypothalamus were notably reduced after immunological or surgical castration. The amount of GNRH mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus and mRNAs of genes in the sex-hormone negative-feedback loops in the hypothalamus were decreased in pregnenolone-immunized rabbits compared to controls. The actions of GNRH are mediated by kisspeptin neurons, which express steroid receptors [García-Galiano et al., 2011].

or miscarriage) and the diminished ovarian reserve [1-8]. The idea behind the ovarian reserve tests (ORTs) is to predict the female fertility through measuring the level of some hormones normally secreted by the body or by the follicles as an indication of their quantity and functional integrity, visualizing the follicles, the ovary or the ovarian vasculature by ultrasound, or it may be by measuring the ovarian response if it is challenged by certain external factors. ORTs can be classified into four

Homeostatic Controls Essay         Monday morning, tired as ever, I roll over and look at my clock to my surprise it’s 8:00am. In that instant my first reaction is you hurry. I stand up and go to my closet, hitting my big toe on the side of my bed and causing a lot pain. I scraped off the top layer of my skin which is called the epidermis. I instantly felt pain in my big toe thanks to the cutaneous receptors. (1) The receptor sent a message to my brain telling me that I should probably keep my toes

For instance, the IVF technique involves use of hormonal stimulation using the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Looking at the pregnancy outcomes following IVM, you find that implantation rate is about 18% and live birth rates ranges from 15.9% to 33% per cycle (Chang et al, 2014). This item of information shows that the value delivered by

nausea, headaches, aching joints, an ‘upset’ stomach or an itchy rash. Before the benefit is noticed, it is usually taken up to two months before however a medication names beta-blocker is issued in the meantime. The medication can be taken until your hormone level is under control and the dosage will be reduced slowly and eventually stopped, but some people will take it for many years or some – for