Gonorrhea Antibiotic Resistance Grows More Than Ever
My article if from the Washington Post titled “Gonorrhea Is More Dangerous Than Ever As Resistance To Antibiotics Grows,” written by Lena Sun. According to the article, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae is a drug-resistant diplococcal (coffee bean-shaped) bacteria, which causes gonorrhea and is the second most common infectious disease in the United States. This bacteria is only found after sexual contact with an infected person after the bacteria attach to the nonciliated epithelial cells of the fallopian tube, they are surrounded by the microvilli that draw them to the surface of the mucosal cell. The types of sexual or direct contact that it can be transmitted by include oral, anal and vaginal sex.
exposure, but they can take up to 30 days to develop. Gonorrhea symptoms in women include:
Gonorrhea is an infection with the bacteriaum 'Nisseria gohorrhoea (GC) which causes gonorrheal infections "the second most commonly reported communicable disease" and which are "easily treated with appropriate antibiotics, but drug-resistant strains are on the rise." (Cook County Department of Health, nd)
Phylogenetic trees are a useful tool in looking at individuals (Hill et al. 2016). Knowing this, we can look at the evolutionary history of that particular bacteria, and discover how it has evolved. Phylogeny can trace closely related bacterial species to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. From this, we can discover characteristics that have been derived in gonorrhea that differ from the common ancestor of the bacterial species. N. menigitidis and N. lactamica are the closely the evolutionary history of diseases. The bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae was primarily found within infected related bacterial species to N. gonorrhoeae (Bennett 2007). Each pathogen is known to effect humans. Since N. gonorrhoeae have uniformity, the closely related species help to sort out and identify these strains using multilocus sequence typing (Bennett 2007). The uniformity in the strains of gonorrhea suggest they have a fitness that is
A more serious disease called lymphogranuloma venereum (when Chlamydia cause lesions in the genital mucosa and enter it) is also caused by Chlamydia, but it is not endemic in the developed world. People with Gonorrhoea are susceptible to a chlamydial infection. Females aged 15-24 (USA) are most susceptible to Chlamydia. Incidence rate and prevalence are highest among blacks.
This disease is transmitted by sexual contact. Any form of sexual penetration, oral, anal, and vaginal can transmit gonorrhea. There are other means of catching the disease, but they are not common. A person with gonorrhea can infect another area of their body by touching the infected area and transferring the excretions. Gonorrhea may also be spread in clothing or wash clothes if used by an infected person, and then soon after by someone who isn’t infected.
The lack of difference in the rates of repeat gonorrhea infection by region of birth might be attributable to access of care. In the U.S. Army, all active duty personnel have access to free medical care. In this regard, African-American personnel, who are from the south and are low-income before military service, would then have higher health care access. This may result in rates of repeat gonorrhea infection being similar by region of birth after joining the U.S. Army. Another possibility is that region of birth is a key determinant of gonorrhea incidence, but not for repeat infections, and other behavioral, biological, and socio-cultural factors may influence the risk of repeat infection among women. Newmand and Berman (2008), report
This condition is caused by bacteria. It is passed from an infected partner during sexual activity. This contact could be with the genitals, mouth, or rectal area.
In the history of the United States Supreme Court, there are a multitude of cases that have left an indelible mark in the tapestry of American history, culture, and society. Among these landmark disputes may be found issues as divisive as reproductive health, fundamental economic freedoms, the power of the Supreme Court and, of course, race. Among these, Dred Scott v. Sanford occupies a special place. Often called as the “worst decision made by the Supreme Court”, Dred Scott v. Sanford provided an impetus for slavers to continue an injustice that had existed since the colonial era . By deciding the way it did, the United States Supreme Court also created a divide between the northern and southern states – a divide so great that it eventually led to the American Civil War. Such an enormous effect on the sentiment of the times warrants a closer look at the decisions of the justices involved in the Dred Scott decision. Doing so will also shed light into the intricate logic behind the justices’ decisions – essentially the reasons why they concurred or dissented from the main opinion written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. The process of interrogating the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution will also reveal the fundamental societal sentiment regarding slavery and African Americans at the time.
Most people have heard of the STD (sexual transmitted disease) chlamydia because it is one of the most common. As stated on Center for Disease Control and Prevention chlamydia is the most common among females, but males can be infected as well. Even the symptoms can go unnoticed, but chlamydia can be cured. Even though it can be cured chlamydia can but cause serious damage to a woman’s reproductive organs.
Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common. This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning to appear. As a result, diseases such as tuberculosis and penicillin-resistant gonorrhea are reemerging on a worldwide scale (1).
Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhea and affects humans, especially during sexual intercourse. The reservoir for gonorrhea are the male and female reproductive tract, it can also be found in other area of the body including urethra, mouth, eyes and anus. Men who shows no symptoms of urethritis can develop complications later in life and have a higher reservoir rate for the bacteria. Gonorrhea can be transmitted through sexual intercourse through the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. Furthermore, gonorrhea can also be acquired by the baby from the mother during the delivery of the baby. In addition, re-infection of gonorrhea can occur especially in individual who was previously treated for gonorrhea when they are re-exposed
Lady Macbeth demands to be seen as masculine and unnatural, wanting to be stripped of anything perceiving her as a female because her husband, Macbeth, will not take action to complete the task in it’s entirety to completely rid Duncan. She is an extravagant influence behind Macbeth’s decisions, forcing him to be more masculine and own up for his actions as the Thane of Cawdor.
People who practice anal intercourse can get gonorrhea of the rectum. Even women who do not
“I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.” Wow! Whoever said that obviously cares deeply about whoever he was talking to. Surprisingly, God is the author of that passage, which is found in Genesis 12:1-3. Who was he talking to? Israel. God feels so strongly about how others treat Israel because the Jews are his chosen people. The Lord cares so much about his people that he even dedicated a specific area of land for them, saying in Genesis 13:15 “All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring forever.” This is the only time in history where God has given a specific piece of land to a certain people group. Israel is a big deal in God’s eyes, so the manner in which other nations treat her is also extremely important to him.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline