Gonorrhea Research Paper

According to an article in Women’s Health, gonorrhea is a disease typically transmitted through sex that can show symptoms through various ways. To start, one may experience genital burning and abnormal discharge. In some cases, there may be no symptoms present at all which may cause the disease to go untreated if not tested for. The article discusses the recent increase of concern over the disease as a result of the World Health Organization’s, WHO, findings in a recent study. More importantly, the article aims to inform readers about select types of gonorrhea bacteria that are currently incurable and not create widespread panic.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease that however, can be transmitted through sharing of sex toys and can also be transmitted "from mother to child during vaginal delivery." (Women's Health Zone, 2011) The work of Brooks (nd) states "People usually report symptoms 2-15 after exposure, although some people show no symptoms at all. Men are more likely to notice symptoms than are women. Males with asymptomatic urethritis are important reservoirs for transmission and are at increased risk for developing complications. If there are symptoms, both male and females usually have white/yellow discharge, dysuria, and irritation or

Like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea can also infect the genitals and throat (Friedman & Skancke, 2009). This sexually transmitted infection affects more than 800,000 women and men every year in the United States (Shoquist & Stafford, 2004). Although symptoms are uncommon, the symptoms often experienced include vomiting, pain in the genital area, unusually thick discharge, and the urge to urinate more than usual (Sutton, 2006). Gonorrhea can lead to infertility in both men and women, and during pregnancy can lead to premature labor and stillbirth (Shoquist & Stafford,

Phylogenetic trees are a useful tool in looking at individuals (Hill et al. 2016). Knowing this, we can look at the evolutionary history of that particular bacteria, and discover how it has evolved. Phylogeny can trace closely related bacterial species to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. From this, we can discover characteristics that have been derived in gonorrhea that differ from the common ancestor of the bacterial species. N. menigitidis and N. lactamica are the closely the evolutionary history of diseases. The bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae was primarily found within infected related bacterial species to N. gonorrhoeae (Bennett 2007). Each pathogen is known to effect humans. Since N. gonorrhoeae have uniformity, the closely related species help to sort out and identify these strains using multilocus sequence typing (Bennett 2007). The uniformity in the strains of gonorrhea suggest they have a fitness that is

Women exposed to the infection have greater chances of incurring an ectopic pregnancy. In men, the infection can cause damage to their internal organs as well. It can cause inflammation of the urethra, some symptoms are discharge from the penile opening and pain during urination. Women like men may experience a mild burning when urinating and accompanying mild discharge. Various test are used to verify the presence of chlamydia in women; the test analyzes a cervical smear and highly reliable. In men, a swab may be inserted through the penile opening to extract fluid to be analyzed for chlamydia. Antibiotics stronger than penicillin are used to treat the infection; to keep it from bouncing back and forth, sex partners are both treated. Chlamydia infections also frequently occur together with other STI’s, most often its

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are sexually transmitted diseases that tend to be more apparent in males than females. Men tend to develop symptoms within days of the initial infection; they usually manifest as inflammation of the urethra, painful urination, and abnormal discharge. Symptoms are so obvious that men seek immediate medical attention before complications occur; women on the other hand, tend to have little to no symptoms at all. A female’s symptoms are so mild that they are often mistaken as a simple bladder or vaginal infection and go untreated. Unfortunately, these diseases do not go away on their own if gonorrhea and chlamydia are not properly treated

The sexually transmitted disease, syphilis, can be passed from person to person in two ways. One way is having direct contact with a syphilis sore during sexual intercourse. The other way syphilis is spread, is from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy. Syphilis cannot be spread from indirect contact. An example of this is using the same toilet seat an infected person did.

With the changing tides of how Americans view the common household, same-sex relationships have begun to become more widely accepted nationwide. Same-sex marriages and LGBT adoption are now legal in all 50 states. These recent steps in legislation have been monumental for civil rights, but what effect do they have on the physical public health of the gay population? From history, it is known that the spread of disease has been higher in “immoral” sexual practices; for example, in the 1930s, some hospitals refused admission of patients with STDs and private physicians did not wish to treat these patients due to the supposed “transmission” of the disease (Eng, 1997). Sexuality and the opinion of sexual behaviors can vary by socioeconomic status,

There it was, an epidemic breakout. Something so powerful to the human body. How could this be so effective? Changing how our body is functioning; to making us severely sick. This is a disease we call Syphilis. Here we are in 1945 where it was seemed that Syphilis has made it’s breakthrough to humans carried from Christopher Columbus sailors’ from America to Western Europe, and soon enough around the world.

Isn’t making love is generally thought of as a magical thing shared between two people? Those two people are sharing a bond in which to express their affection towards each other. When making love, one doesn’t think of the chances harming themselves, however, in that enchanting exchange of adoration, there can be a horrific consequence if one fails to be cautious. It can result in sexually transmitted diseases. These diseases can kill any person who is sexually active. One needs to know that there is a possibility of receiving an STD. There are chances in which they can be cured but for some, it isn’t an option. An alternative may be to slow it down, but it will remain inside of you gradually weakening the immune system. It is all caused

Gonorrhea is a STD found in the genitals, rectum or throat. Gonorrhea is commonly called the clap. The clap is commonly found in boys and girls around the age 15-24. The clap in men have the symptoms of; swollen testicles, hurts to pee, and discolored discharge. For females is; hurts to urinate, bleeding between periods, and increased discharge during periods. If you have it in the rectum, it hurts to poop. Gonorrhea can only be passed on through sex, but can also be passed on through mother to child. Gonorrhea can be cured within 7

Gonorrhea is a venereal disease involving inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina. Gonorrhea is most commonly known as the “clap” or “drip”. It is a very contagious disease that is mostly transferred through sexual contact with a person who is already infected. Gonorrhea is also spread through contact with infected bodily fluid. Infected mothers can pass the venereal disease to their infant during childbirth. Both genders are susceptible to gonorrhea.

The mining town of Mount Isa, Queensland, has declared to have an increased in gonorrhoea. To explain, gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea bacteria. The health unit in Mount Isa is battling with this sexually transmitted disease outbreak, and the bacterium is resistant to all known antibiotics. While, scientists have found that the wide spreading drug-resistant strains of gonorrhoea are increasing. The findings are daunting that increased resistance contributes to a large number of gonorrhoea cases. In fact, it has been reported within one year there were more than 1,000 cases of superbugs in Australia becoming beyond treatment (Scott 2017). Furthermore, the medical Professor John Turnidge commented that

Gonorrhoea are fastidious gram-negative, facultative, intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci), in the shape of coffee beans. Among various species of Neisseria that colonize humans, only N. gonorrhoeae is clinically important responsible for transmission through sexual contact (Elias J et al., 2011).They are non-motile, aerobic, capnophilic, non-sporulating, possess pilli to adhere the surfaces of mucous membrane of warm blooded hosts (Janda Wet et al., 2007). The type IV pili (Biais N et al., 2008) operate mechanically similar to a grappling hook, which extend and attach to a substrate that signals the pilus to retract, dragging the cell forward. N. gonorrhoeae are able to pull 100,000 times their own weight, and it has been claimed that the pili used to do so is the strongest biological motor.