Gout Athritis

Gout is a hereditary disorder that occurs more frequently in men, than women. An excess of uric acid in the blood and tissues causes it. The pain is caused by crystals of acid formed under the skin and in the joints. Gout occurs when there is too little uric acid excreted or too much for the kidneys to excrete. An attack begins suddenly with severe pain

Gout is classified as the “buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints… [that occur as a result to] many [of the] foods we eat” (WebMD). These needle-like crystals are what contribute to the sudden pain and swelling of a gout attack. My father’s doctors reported that not only did he have gout, but that if he stayed

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Paget's disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called "dowager's hump," or the breakdown of other bones. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary osteoarthritis.

The study by (Zhang et al. 2012) uses online open-ended questionnaires (for textual analysis) and subgroups or focus groups (in this case there were non-time variant groups such as race, sex, BMI and time variant groups such as purine intake, use of alcohol, treatment with diuretics, allopurinol and colchicine use). Also in the conclusion it mentioned that cherry intake reduces the risk of gout attacks “Should our findings be confirmed in randomized clinical trials…”. These features all point towards it being a qualitative study.

Gout is a common form of arthritis that is caused by the formation of crystals of uric acid in a joint. An acute gout attack usually consists of the rapid onset of pain in the affected joint. Gout can affect the quality of life of the individual during an acute attack as well as the long-term effects it causes. Gouty arthritis is increasing in its popularity. The outlook for gout is good if diagnosed and treated within the early stages of the disease progression. Although it is non-life threatening, gout can cause severe pain, and it has been known to be linked to depression.

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints as a results of chronic hyperuricemia. In the United States 3.9% of adults (8.3 million Individuals) suffer from gout. The gout flare up is a self limiting condition, that if left untreated or is not well managed may lead to chronic recurrent flare ups (Tophi), causing chronic disability and impairment of health related quality of life.

Gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis, affecting about 2.49% of the population in the United Kingdom. Over the past 16 years, there has been a rise in reported incidence in the UK (Lim et al., 2014). The condition tends to increase with age, especially affecting those above 65 years. It is known to be much more common in men, with an incidence of 4.42 per 1,000 in men but only 1.32 per 1,000 in women (Moi et al., 2014). The condition is characterised by the rapid onset of severe pain, swelling, and erythema of the affected joint. The first metatarsophalangeal joint is the site of the initial attack of gout in up to 78% of gout sufferers and is involved at some point in the course of the disease in up to 89% (Roddy et al., 2011). Other areas affected can include the mid-foot, ankle, knee, fingers, wrists and elbows. Chronic gout is defined as repeated attacks of gout greater than one episode in a year with persistent hyperuricemia (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2015).

Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in a group of spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), developing after bacterial infections. In the US, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter spp. are common for enteric infections with the incidence of 1%-4%, approximately, and equally found in males and females. On the other hand, Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common in genitourinary infections and more commonly found in males than females especially young men at 30s. Yet, the epidemiology of ReA can be indicated only by estimation due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria and definition of the disease. The incidence and prevalence differ from time to time depend on genetic differences, lifestyles, and environments between populations.

Gouty arthritis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and left ventricular hypertrophy are the main diagnosis. American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for gout is the presence of urate crystals in the joint fluid (Hainer et al., 2014). Monosodium urate crystals are seen under a polarizing light microscope which confirms the diagnosis of gout. Furthermore, the most commonly affected area is the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Other common sites are mid-tarsal joints, ankles, knees, fingers, wrists and elbows. Also, gout appears to be red and swellon in the affected joint (Saccamano, 2015). Similarly, patient had left knee pain with redness and swelling. Hypertension is diagnosed by the systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmg Hg or the diastolic

This is a case study on a patient suffering from an inflammation of the big toe that has caused severe pain. According to the provisional test conducted, the patient is suffering from gout. The purpose of the study is to determine the additional procedures that will be conducted on her. The steps followed are informed by the personal details provided and the test that have already been conducted on the patient. This will be followed by the clarifying the all the symptoms; this will ensure that the rest of the procedures are in line with the previous tests conducted. Finally, an assessment of the problem will be conducted to give a confirmation on the illness. Domains of health such as physical, social and psychological will be analyzed for any probable cause of the problem.

Gout is a treatable form of inflammatory arthritis, caused by too much uric acid in the blood. Gout flare ups occur in joints and are very painful, characterized by a red, hot, tender, swollen joint. Gout is a chronic disease but with proper interventions and lifestyle changes, such as limiting dietary intake of purines, alcohol, and a healthy diet to control weight, gout flare ups can be controlled or avoided altogether.

According to Rosdahl (2010), "The body produces substances called purines during metabolism. If the body is unable to metabolize these substances, uric acid accumulates in the bloodstream and forms crystal deposits in the joints" (p.1236). This arthritic condition called gout is a condition of hyperuricemia wherein these uric acid accumulates and form hard crystals deposited in your joints. It can harm your joints, tendons, and other tissues. It can cause an attack of sudden blistering joint pain, stiffness, and joint swelling. It often affects the joints of the big toe, instep, ankle or knee but it may appear in any joint.

From the chart, it is shown that incidence of gout in male is approximetly twice of that in female. For male, the incidence of gout increases from below 20 to 84 years, having a slighy decline

Archibald Edward Garrod was welcomed in the city of London on November 25, 1857 to Alfred Baring Garrod and Elizabeth Ann Colchester. Archibald’s father was a prominent physician. He found the presence of uric acid in the blood of patients with gout at only the prime age of twenty-nine. His brilliance was further expanded by the revelation of ascertaining between gout and rheumatic arthritis. Alfred Garrod acquired myriads of honors; he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and received knighthood in 1887 (Bearn, 1993). Just as driven and talented as his father, Archibald Garrod followed in his father’s footsteps in becoming a physician and pursuing his father’s interest of rheumatoid arthritis.

Primary involvement of the patella in gout is rare(Singh et al., 2009). Most of the patients were men from the third decade to the fifth decade of life (MICHAEL P. RECHT, 1994). On X-ray and CT images, the most common appearance of this condition is bilateral lytic lesion with the greatest diameter ranged from I cm to 3 cm in the superolateral patella, peripatellar soft tissue mass with calcification was frequently reported {Recht, 1994 #47} Gouty tophi may demonstrate specific low signal intensity on both T1-and T2-weighted MRI. Specific imaging features combined with clinical history and related laboratory findings may help exclude other patellar conditions such as neoplasms, infections, prepatellar bursitis (MICHAEL P. RECHT, 1994).