Government In Healthcare

This perspective holds the view that the causes of homelessness lies outside of an individual’s control, and are often the result of a failure of public institutions. Structural causes are often those that affect the opportunities and the social environments for individuals, and as a result leads to a critical shortage of affordable housing, a lack of adequate income, and even discrimination (Gaetz, S., Donaldson, J., Richter, T., & Gulliver, T. 2013). For many, the lack of affordable housing - which is arguably the main contributor to immigrant homelessness in Toronto - may materialize from interwoven forms of discrimination and oppression based on an individual’s race, gender, social class, and even religion. Due to the low average household incomes of immigrants, the demand for affordable housing is further heightened. A study done in Toronto comparing homelessness and housing issues amongst women, revealed that compared to Canadian-born women, non-status migrant women had the most unstable pre-shelter housing, and stayed in shelters much longer compared to the other groups that were interviewed (Paradis, E., Novac, S., Sarty, M., & Hulchanski, J. D. 2010). This study supports the perspective that immigrant homelessness is the result of the failure of public institutions who are responsible for the policies which govern the

The amount of immigrants being homeless is growing at a high risk pace. Immigrants are more vulnerable to become homeless because they lack to obtain affordable housing. In Canada housing cost are rising in the owned and rental sectors. Meaning immigrants arriving at Canada can’t afford the high cost of housing. They are forced to migrate to other cities that have low housing cost to be able to afford housing, or live in adequate housing. The majority of immigrants except for business class immigrants arrive with sufficient income to be able to rent or buy a house. Refugees, may use shelters as a temporary, it is more difficult if they don’t have a sponsor to support them. Case studies in Canada show immigrants live in insecure housing where apartments or houses are run-down, dirty, worn out, as a consequence of

The majority of homeless children and females are victims of domestic violence (NCH, 1998). It is estimated that there are 200 000 homeless people who live on the streets of Canada (Globe and Mail, 1998) and an 80 000 more in risk of becoming homeless (National Post, 1998). Of these people between 30% and 35% are people with severe mental illnesses (National Post, 1998). "On any given night, 45% of the 4 200 people filling Toronto's homeless shelters are families with children" (Toronto Star, 1998). An increasing number of the homeless are teenagers of which many are runaways who have been kicked out or felt they had no choice but to leave (Michaud, Margaret, 1988). It is difficult to find out exactly what age categories the homeless fit into because the information is very limited. -3- WHY THEY ARE HOMELESS There is so many different causes of homelessness the largest being poverty (NCH, 1998). Poor people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, health care and child care. It is hard to make choices when recourses are so limited. Unemployment is also a large contribution to the homeless society (NCH, 1998). Another factor contributing to homelessness is the decline in Social Services. Within the last few years, government has made it increasingly difficult for anyone to be approved to get assistance. There is also the factors of domestic violence which forces many out of their home, mental illness which enables the individuals to obtain

33 million people in the United States did not have healthcare in 2014, according to the US census bureau. America, one of the richest nations in the world does not provide healthcare for its citizens. Although, so many nations do. Healthcare is a basic right that should be provided for by the U.S citizens regardless of religion, age, race, gender, and economic status. After all, our framers believed that Americans had natural rights, which are a right to life, liberty, and property. Healthcare is critical to establishing a just and fair society, while boosting the

We have experienced many homelessness issues here in Canada. Recently, in 2014, the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness estimated that almost 35,000 Canadians were homeless every night and an estimated 235,000 Canadians experience homelessness each year. Many Canadians meet the requirements for hidden homelessness. The requirements include: sheltered people and families who temporarily live in their relative’s homes in order to avoid living on streets; women and children experiencing domestic violence; people sleeping in abandoned buildings and families living in unsustainable housing due to evacuations. Unfortunately, here in Ontario, we have one of the highest rates of homelessness for a major province in Canada.

When it comes to matters that have to do with homelessness, it can be said that compared to the U.S., Canada is more focused on dealing with the issue to eliminate it rather than appeasing the guilt through creating smaller programs. Author’s Tompsett, Fales, and Toro (2007) express this by stating that “Compared to U.S. respondents, Canadians felt homelessness was a less serious problem in the nearest city and nationwide, were more likely to favour increases in Federal spending to combat homelessness, and were more supportive of rights for the homeless.” (p. 76). Canadians also felt that it was the government’s responsibility to help those who are homeless and because of these attitudes, it was found that Canadians took a more interventionist

According to the empirical evidence, in the current periods, more than 200,000 residents in the state have to face homelessness, and at least 150,000 of the residents are compelled to use homeless shelters at any given point of time (Patrick). There is also another complicated phenomenon occurring in this country, which can be termed as “Hidden Homelessness.” This, by the definition of the term, refers to those Canadians who cannot afford to have their own homes and have to stay with their relatives or friends. In this aspect, it is important to emphasize on the statistics regarding the homelessness in the country which is elaborated in the following section (Crawley et al. pp.

“The United States healthcare system is one the largest and most complex systems in the world”(Artem Cheprasov, study.com). Healthcare is one of the most important items to provide for an entire nation, yet the US does not have free healthcare. Why you may ask? Well, there has been a long debate to whether the USA should provide free healthcare for all its citizens; however, there hasn’t been a big change to healthcare being provided for everyone. On both sides of argument, there have been logical claims made to create a change for the healthcare system to stay private or become free. I believe that the US should provide healthcare for all its citizens because it would cause less health expenses, less medical bankruptcies and less death’s per year.

The United States Health Care system has evolved from the home visit by the town doctor concept, to a more complex system of regulatory agencies, policies, rules and regulations that govern the practice and art of medicine. It is a system in which billions of dollars have been budgeted and dedicated to ensuring the country is delivering affordable, quality care. The ultimate goal of the U.S. system is making sure quality care is accessible to its consumers and is value added care that will result in clinical outcomes aimed at reducing the nation’s mortality rate and increasing or extending the average life expectancy. In

Tsebelis (1995) offered veto player framework to understand why public policy changes in particular political system. This framework offers more detail explanation on the public policy changes than other institutional theory, because veto player framework focuses on the actor instead of the institutions. This paper reviews three articles on welfare state’s policy change. Using the veto player framework, the three articles give the similar conclusion that in order to change the public policy, we should understand the number and position of veto points (Immergut, 1990) whether it is on the executive, legislative or electoral, so we can construct the best strategies to propose the change, the institutional design (Immergut, 1990; Huber, Rubin and Stephen, 1993) and the common belief system among the players (Kremer, 2006).

In the United States, there were approximately 564,708 people who were homeless on a single winter night in 2015 (Housing and Urban Development, 2015). Worldwide, acquiring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based on the survey it was estimated that 100 million people were homeless across the world (United Nations, 2005). Considering the well-known negative effects that homelessness has on public health, these immense numbers indicate an increased call for action towards effectively combating homelessness. Prevention of homelessness for at-risk groups should be a greater focus for world leaders and policy makers. In addition, greater efforts should be placed on addressing the complex, underlying causes of homelessness and housing instability, as well as breaking down institutional barriers that often disenfranchise certain populations.

Unfortunately in the United States (U.S.) health care is not a basic right that all have. While the U.S. is considered one of the richest nations in the world and spends more on health care than other countries throughout the world, access and affordability to health care continues to be an issue (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2017). There continues to be vulnerable and marginalized populations who are less likely to obtain health care in the U.S. due to cost or lack of insurance coverage. Generally speaking in the U.S. our health care is a privilege, not a right. Individuals must either purchase health insurance or pay for the services they receive in the event that they utilize the health care system. The Center for Economic and Social

Linda Lingle once said, “We have come dangerously close to accepting the homeless situation as a problem that we just can't solve.” Homelessness is a growing issue in today’s society while still being one of the least discussed topics socially. Based on a study that was conducted it was found that from 2007 to 2010 the number of families that were found living in shelters had risen from 30% to 35%, with a majority of those among the shelter being single parents (Nlchp, 2015, 2). Correspondingly, these numbers have been found to continuously rise due to a 2017 study that found that nearly 65% of families were living in shelters. While there have been several attempts at solving this issue, none have been successful (Nlchp, 2015,

Politics is often personal. Values, attitudes, environment and experiences play a prolific role on one’s life. This is demonstrated when a major decision has to be made that have an effect on the personal/private realm of life. So, when leaders have to craft policy, those principles are typically weaved throughout the process. Nowhere is this demonstrated more than when various administrations tackle a national healthcare plan. The United States has been going in constant debate about suppling healthcare to the American people since the New Deal Era. Both parties, when in control of the executive branch, have had major healthcare legislation brought forth for various reasons until the PPACA. Yes, the road towards health care reform has had many players but the initial player out of the gate was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Known for contracting polio (poliomyelitis) at the age of 39 while on a family vacation, FDR has a little of a back and forth relationship with the medical profession. This attitude is more than likely originated from his botched treatments in the early stages of his disease. Primary of which, he was misdiagnosed multiple times by a then renowned doctor, W.W. Keen, and was charged $8000.00 for his “service”. In today’s dollars, that would be about $81,000. It is also well documented that FDR, despite a litany of medical experts at the time telling him nay, he spearhead his own therapy and create a

Governnment intervention in health care markets can be supported by two separate and independent reasons, market failure and equity. Firstly I will consider market failures, such failures in health care and insurance markets include asymmetric information, market power, and principal agent problems. In some cases the aforementioned failures can be resolved by the private sector however concerning certain failures government intervention is required.