Graft and Corruption

“Corruption, improper and usually unlawful conduct intended to secure a benefit for oneself or another its forms include bribery, extortion, and the misuse of inside information. It exists where there is community indifference or a lack of enforcement policies.”(Encyclopedia Britannica). Today political Corruption in all forms exists in every country in the world. In some countries it is more prominent then in others, but no matter where you go it still occurs. Recently in mid 2013 some political corruption was brought to light in New York. “Since 2007, state senators have been more likely to be arrested then to lose their seats in a general election,” (New York Public Interest Research group). In April of 2013 New York State

Some of the downfalls during the political era was the disorganization and inability to supervise officers. This gave rise to political corruption due to the officer’s intimacy with the community and the ability to be bribed for non-enforcement of

Tulia, a small town in Texas of just under five-thousand people, is a frightening example of how the judicial system is governed solely by racism as well as one corrupt man’s word. In 1999, nearly ten percent of the town’s African American population was arrested in a single drug bust. Of the forty-six people arrested, thirty-eight were African-American, furthermore all were convicted. The remaining seven arrested where know to associate more with the black community than the white in Tulia as well. With the towns income levels averaging at or below the poverty line, most arrested could not afford to hire a good attorney that cared or had the time to care, left therefore with one provided by the state. Consequently, convictions were up to ninety years in jail for allegedly selling three and a half grams, more commonly known as an eight ball, of cocaine in drug-free zones. In was only on appeals, that the convictions where revoked on insubstantial evidence.

Accounts of corruption were mainly prostitution, gambling, and narcotics ( Knapp Commission, n.d.). It was determined that there two types of corruption, the grass-eaters, and man-eaters( Dempsey & Forst, 2016). The grass-eaters were officers that are that do not search for opportunities, however, do not turn down activities or events that come their way. Officers taking advantage of free meals, movie tickets, coffee, donuts, or free hotel rooms, do not see this as corruption. It is seen as appreciation for a job well done. Officers who take advantage of more criminal activities are called man-eaters( Dempsey & Forst, 2016). These activities include gambling, narcotics, prostitution, construction, bars, Sabbath law, and

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977- is a U.S. Federal Law that prohibits any U.S. citizen from bribing a foreign official for the purpose of obtaining

The local government of Bell is a small local city on the outskirts of Los Angeles, where the city councilman was being compensated for meetings which lasted no more than five minutes and the city manager of Bell earned close to 800,000 dollars one year and received an increase to 1.5 million with added benefits (Freeman, M., 2012). Moreover, in 2009 Bell’s city manager and city officials billed the city for an extremely high amount of money for brief meetings of different legislative bodies such as planning commission or housing authority (Freeman, M., 2012). Example of these abnormal amounts was in 2009 the councilman members was paid 8,000 dollars a month for those meetings, and holding multiple meetings for five different legislative bodies all meeting not lasting more than three minutes and they were getting paid for each

Bribery – it’s a form of corruption. This is the straightforward use of financial muscle to gain unfair advantage over others. An example would be attempting to gain planning permission by giving

When deemed appropriate, engaging in intricate financial manipulations accordingly, the perpetrators of organized crime may include corrupt business executives members of the professions, public offices, or

Moreover, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it unlawful for certain classes of people and entities to make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business. Specifically, the anti-bribery provision of the FCPA prohibits the willful use of the mails or any means of instrumentality of interstate commerce to be corruptly in furtherance of any offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment of money on anything of value to any person. While knowing that all or a portion of such money or thing of value will be offered, given or promised, directly or indirectly, to a foreign official to influence the foreign official. Through his or her official capacity inducing the foreign official to do or omit to do an act in violation of he is or her lawful duties, or to secure any improper advantage in order to

This typology includes government and other senior authorities in positions of trust who manhandle their influence for private increase/illegal advancement through washing of the returns of defilement. The exemplary technique utilized is complicity with suppliers of products and administrations in under-or over-invoicing merchandise and administrations supplied to the establishments headed by the degenerate

What should Zhuk do to keep his business and to avoid extortion from government officials?

The unlawful use of a person’s position while in power leads to multiple problems with today’s government. The corrupt methods politicians use are ideas that are strictly in place for personal gain. Present throughout history and still prevalent within today’s world, government corruption has consisted of a number of negative issues including bribery, economic and social impacts, and the misuse of power. Government’s role within daily life has been shown to have negative effects as seen in many aspects of life as well as in literature.

4] State Capture by Business – direct payment of bribes to govt officials by businesses. Where it is intended to ‘buy’ an influence on regulation, we refer to it a “state capture.”

Political corruption is parasitic; it finds a host, and can almost always find a way to survive. Eventually, people grow dependent on this corruption as a means for income, thus forming a symbiosis between the people who benefit from it, and the elites that regulate it. People sometimes ignore the corruption surrounding them, feeling that as long as the politicians do their jobs well, their ‘extra salary’ can’t hurt (BNS).

Corruption is a complex political, social, and economic anomaly that negatively affects developing and developed countries. It weakens democratic institutions, holds economic development, widening the rich-poor gap and certainly leads to governmental instability. The World Bank definition of corruption states that “…the abuse of public office for private gain”.