Graphene : A Light Star On The Horizon Of Material Science

Nanotechnology is the gateway to near limitless possibilities for the human race. It opens the window to a new realm we previously have never experienced-- Nanotechnology is a branch of engineering that deals with the manipulation of atoms at the molecular level. The Institute of Nanotechnology in the U.K. expresses it as "science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nanometer (nm) to 100 nm play a critical role”. Once automated, the nanoparticles will infiltrate every aspect of our lives- from medical, engineering, biomaterials energy production, to name a few. Practically everything we use today could be replaced by nanomaterial in some way, and it even has the capability to create new materials.

Name: Maggie Parker Date: June 2, 2016 Block: F Final Exam: Physical Science (2015-16) Below are the “Big Ideas” from throughout the year, as well as the two prompts that I would like you to address about each. Respond to the prompts (labeled “a” and “b”) by typing your answers below them. Please do NOT use bold or italicized font for your answers.

Nanotechnology is a term of two words: the first word is “Nano” and derives from the Greek word “Nanos” and it means “Dwarf” or something very small. The second word is “Technology” and it means applied application of knowledge in a certain field. So nanotechnology is the technology of very small substances, and it specializes in treating the substance on the Nano measure to produce new, useful, and unique resultants in its properties [22-23].The Nano is a unique measuring unit and from the physical and mathematical point of view, the Nano equals one part of a billion of the measured unit. The nanometer (nm) equals a part of a billion part of a meter. Thus, it is 10-9 of a meter. The Nano is used as a measuring unit for very minute particles [24-26].

Electrospinning is a convenient method for fabricating various nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications. In electrospinning process, a conductive collector device plays a critical role in determining the shape and the structure of the nanofibrous scaffold; however, the preparation of the collector is often complex. In this study, a novel, flexible, and inexpensive approach based on pencil-on-paper method was developed for preparing collectors used in electrospinning. Graphite is a conductive material widely used as a component in the pencil core. A series of collectors were prepared through drawing different patterns on folded and unfolded paper using a pencil, followed by successfully fabricating two-dimensional (2D) nanofibrous

Have you ever drove home from work, having a feeling you were forgetting to do something important? It’s 7 o’clock in the evening, you just realized that you were supposed to pay a bill before the bank closed. The money is there in the account but, how is the bank supposed to receive it? Well, luckily you pull out an iphone 6 to transfer the money into the account to pay the bill by using e-banking. Simple as that, you go home with a clear conscience knowing only that your bill is paid. Of course, people only care for the end results of a situation, but it’s sometimes good to consider what goes on in the transition. Crucial data such as financial record and pin number need to be under tight security. Only highly advanced technology that was

This is the story of Buckminsterfullerene, the 60 carbon, all carbon spheres with hexagons and pentagons interspersed. Harry Kroto, an organic chemist, was on the lookout for the origins of long linear interstellar carbon chains. “Did the carbon gases from the giant carbon rich red stars condensed in the dark and cold interstellar space to form these long carbon molecules?” He wondered.

Wondering How the Ocean Tastes: Graphene and Desalination Introduction If you have ever gotten into the water at beach, then you have without a doubt drank seawater. The taste is terrible. It is a mixture of a seafood soup mixed with sand and other earthly materials that is hard to swallow and

Noble Gases Noble Gases known for being very unreactive with other chemicals. There was an American born scientist, Linus Pauling, who theorized that they in fact could form compounds. He stated that the heavier of the noble gases could form compounds. This led to scientists researching trying to prove that his claims were in fact true. Except no one knew how to prove his claims until a accidental discovery was made.

c) References * http://gula-gulakapassikecik.blogspot.com/2012/04/calibration-of-volumetric-glassware_24.html?m=1 * www.studymode.com * Lim Peng Chew, Lim Ching Chai, Nexus Bestari Physics, Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. , 2013, Pg 18,19

Atomic structure In the nucleus of an atom there are protons and neutrons the number of protons and neutrons depends on the element and ,if it is an isotope of that element. E.g. carbon 12, carbon 12 has six neutrons six protons and 6 electrons . Electrons are located around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in shells, the shell closest to the nucleus is 1 , the one after 2 and so on. Each shell can only hold up to a certain number of electrons . the first can hold up to 2 , the second 8 (2+6) the third up to 18 (2+6+10). The general formula for finding out how many electrons a shell can hold is 2n^2. Electrons have a negative charge , while protons have a positive and neutrons have no charge. A atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains a electrons .

1) It is superconductive at a temperature of 1.083k while it exhibits strong paramagnetic properties under room temperature.

e = 1.6 x 10-19 C NA = 6.03 x 1023 me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg kB = 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1 By: darky- 712402 1 List two aspects of materials behaviour that the Drude model can explain. The Drude model can explain the Thermal Conductivity in metals and Electrical Conductivity of metals.

Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are molecular-scale cylindrical tubes of graphitic carbon1. Their unique structures give them an extremely large surface area, good electronic conductivity, excellent thermal stability and strength. CNTs have been successfully applied in various fields such as medicine delivery2, aerospace3, construction4 and incorporated into numerous consumer products5, with potential uses in everything from tennis racquets and bulletproof vests to electronic components and energy storage devices. The size of global CNTs market is estimated to reach $ 5.64 billion by 2020 from $ 2.26 billion in 20156. Therefore, the likelihood of CNTs being released into the environment during their manufacture, use and disposal of products containing CNT has definitely increased7. Despite exceptional properties that are valuable in many applications, there is potential concern regarding its negative influence on environmental or human health8. Information on the amounts of CNTs accumulated or deposited in various environmental matrices is required before any risk or hazardous assessment can be conducted. Typical methods that can be used for determining carbon content such as total organic carbon (TOC) analysis simply provide a nonspecific measurement of carbon, and are not able to distinguish CNTs from other carbon sources in environmental matrices. Therefore, a quantitative method that is specific for CNTs is needed.

transport is expected to be blocked in thin 1D nanostructures. Nonetheless, if employing an alternative perspective, poor heat transport is useful for thermoelectric materials, which are characterized by a figure of merit :ZT = α2T/[ρ(κp + κe)], where α, T, ρ, κp and κe represent the Seebeck coefficient, absolute temperature, electronic resistivity, lattice thermal conductivity and electronic thermal conductivity, respectively. It is found that as the proceeding of the phonon transport worsens, the value of the figure would improve. In fact, the Dresselhaus research group has predicted that ZT can be increased above bulk values in thin nanowires as long as the diameters, compositions and carrier concentrations are carefully manipulated [14,15]. This contention has been confirmed by different levels of experiments.