Graphene : A Light Star On The Horizon Of Material Science

Have you ever drove home from work, having a feeling you were forgetting to do something important? It’s 7 o’clock in the evening, you just realized that you were supposed to pay a bill before the bank closed. The money is there in the account but, how is the bank supposed to receive it? Well, luckily you pull out an iphone 6 to transfer the money into the account to pay the bill by using e-banking. Simple as that, you go home with a clear conscience knowing only that your bill is paid. Of course, people only care for the end results of a situation, but it’s sometimes good to consider what goes on in the transition. Crucial data such as financial record and pin number need to be under tight security. Only highly advanced technology that was

In the nucleus of an atom there are protons and neutrons the number of protons and neutrons depends on the element and ,if it is an isotope of that element. E.g. carbon 12, carbon 12 has six neutrons six protons and 6 electrons . Electrons are located around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in shells, the shell closest to the nucleus is 1 , the one after 2 and so on. Each shell can only hold up to a certain number of electrons . the first can hold up to 2 , the second 8 (2+6) the third up to 18 (2+6+10). The general formula for finding out how many electrons a shell can hold is 2n^2. Electrons have a negative charge , while protons have a positive and neutrons have no charge. A atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains a electrons .

Below are the “Big Ideas” from throughout the year, as well as the two prompts that I would like you to address about each. Respond to the prompts (labeled “a” and “b”) by typing your answers below them. Please do NOT use bold or italicized font for your answers.

The doped fullerene C19Si-L-Alanine has more negative NICS values than other species, and thus they should have relatively high aromaticity. The exciton binding energy (Eb) can be used as the energy required decomposing an exciton into a free electron and hole in the fullerene cages. The charge transport is one of the central issues for the performance of organic electronic devices, the exciton binding energy (Eb) is calculated to understand more about the transport properties of the doped fullerenes [24] and is defined as

This is the story of Buckminsterfullerene, the 60 carbon, all carbon spheres with hexagons and pentagons interspersed. Harry Kroto, an organic chemist, was on the lookout for the origins of long linear interstellar carbon chains. “Did the carbon gases from the giant carbon rich red stars condensed in the dark and cold interstellar space to form these long carbon molecules?” He wondered.

If you have ever gotten into the water at beach, then you have without a doubt drank seawater. The taste is terrible. It is a mixture of a seafood soup mixed with sand and other earthly materials that is hard to swallow and stomach. However, imagine a world in which the human body could drink saltwater without any negative repercussions. Imagine drinking seawater in a manner similar to a freshwater source found in Maine. Scientists are on the verge of breakthrough technology that will revolutionize how saltwater is used in human society. How, you may ask? Researchers have found that graphene filters are the resource that can aid in desalination processes. This essay will explore the production of graphene filters and how graphene will transform desalination for future generations.

Noble Gases known for being very unreactive with other chemicals. There was an American born scientist, Linus Pauling, who theorized that they in fact could form compounds. He stated that the heavier of the noble gases could form compounds. This led to scientists researching trying to prove that his claims were in fact true. Except no one knew how to prove his claims until a accidental discovery was made.

A DFT STUDY OF METALLOID DOPED FULLERENES C19X (X = Si, B) INTERACTING WITH L-ALANINE Abstract The relative stability and possibility of electronic, magnetic, structural properties and NBO analysis of doped fullerenes were examined based on density functional theory calculations. The bond angle and exciton binding energy of doped fullerene interacting with L-Alanine generated a more stable structure compared to fullerene C20. The doped fullerene interacting with amino acid is discussed in terms of bond length, bond angle, dipole moment, Energy gap, global reactivity descriptors, NBO and NMR analysis.

Carbon is the fundamental element for everything on Earth. All life on Earth depends on carbon. Carbon has different forms of allotropes including diamond, graphene and charcoal. Carbon is found in position 12, with 4 colvalent electrons. All the allotropes have different properties nd uses due to how the carbon atoms are bonded. Carbon is able to single, double and triple bond with other elements to form complex molecules. Carbon can also use its four electrons to form diamond, where it is strong and stable, or three electrons to form graphite found in pencils, buckyball or all forms of nanocarbon including carbon nanotube.

* Lim Peng Chew, Lim Ching Chai, Nexus Bestari Physics, Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. , 2013, Pg 18,19

The Drude model can explain the Thermal Conductivity in metals and Electrical Conductivity of metals.

Chemically modified graphene, or CMG, is graphene with other elements attached to its lattice. Such elements are often metals or a form of silicon, and serve to affect some property of the graphene and make it

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are molecular-scale cylindrical tubes of graphitic carbon1. Their unique structures give them an extremely large surface area, good electronic conductivity, excellent thermal stability and strength. CNTs have been successfully applied in various fields such as medicine delivery2, aerospace3, construction4 and incorporated into numerous consumer products5, with potential uses in everything from tennis racquets and bulletproof vests to electronic components and energy storage devices. The size of global CNTs market is estimated to reach $ 5.64 billion by 2020 from $ 2.26 billion in 20156. Therefore, the likelihood of CNTs being released into the environment during their manufacture, use and disposal of products containing CNT has definitely increased7. Despite exceptional properties that are valuable in many applications, there is potential concern regarding its negative influence on environmental or human health8. Information on the amounts of CNTs accumulated or deposited in various environmental matrices is required before any risk or hazardous assessment can be conducted. Typical methods that can be used for determining carbon content such as total organic carbon (TOC) analysis simply provide a nonspecific measurement of carbon, and are not able to distinguish CNTs from other carbon sources in environmental matrices. Therefore, a quantitative method that is specific for CNTs is needed.

Electrospinning is a convenient method for fabricating various nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications. In electrospinning process, a conductive collector device plays a critical role in determining the shape and the structure of the nanofibrous scaffold; however, the preparation of the collector is often complex. In this study, a novel, flexible, and inexpensive approach based on pencil-on-paper method was developed for preparing collectors used in electrospinning. Graphite is a conductive material widely used as a component in the pencil core. A series of collectors were prepared through drawing different patterns on folded and unfolded paper using a pencil, followed by successfully fabricating two-dimensional (2D) nanofibrous

We have now discussed the two extremes in electronic materials; a conductor, and an insulator we will now move to a material that lies in between these two, a semiconductor. The